Enhancing Seed and Grain Quality: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Abstract

Ensuring high-quality seeds and grains is essential for sustainable agriculture and global food security. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances, challenges, and future prospects in seed and grain quality management. We discuss the multifaceted factors influencing seed and grain quality, ranging from genetic and environmental factors to post-harvest handling practices. Various assessment methods, including traditional techniques and advanced technologies such as spectroscopy and omics, are highlighted for their roles in quality evaluation. Challenges such as climate change impacts, emerging pests, and shifting market demands are addressed, alongside advancements in breeding, precision agriculture, and post-harvest technologies. Looking ahead, we explore promising avenues such as genomic selection, digital agriculture, biofortification, and sustainable practices to enhance seed and grain quality in the face of evolving agricultural landscapes. This review underscores the importance of collaborative efforts across disciplines to ensure a resilient and sustainable food production system for future generations.