Applications of Daphnia Magna in Ecotoxicological Studies: A Review

Abstract

Daphnia magna, a small freshwater crustacean, has emerged as a crucial model organism in toxicological research due to its sensitivity to various environmental stressors and its ecological relevance. Its biological characteristics, such as short life cycles, rapid reproduction, and transparent exoskeleton, make it an ideal subject for studying toxicological effects. These features allow for efficient observation and measurement of toxic responses, facilitating the assessment of acute and chronic toxicity of various substances. The immobilization, feeding, and reproductive behaviors of Daphnia magna can be sensitive indicators of toxic effects, providing valuable insights into lethal and sub-lethal impacts on survival, growth, and reproduction. Toxicity tests utilizing Daphnia magna play a crucial role in evaluating the potential hazards of chemicals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, heavy metals, and nanoparticles in aquatic environments. The standardized protocols, like OECD guidelines, ensure consistent and reliable toxicological assessments, aiding in risk assessment and regulatory decision-making. Additionally, Daphnia magna’s responses can be used to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity, allowing a deeper understanding of how contaminants affect biological processes at the organismal and molecular levels. Furthermore, the ecological relevance of Daphnia magna as a keystone species in freshwater ecosystems emphasizes the importance of studying its responses to pollutants. Insights gained from Daphnia magna studies can contribute to the protection and preservation of aquatic biodiversity and the sustainable management of freshwater resources. In short, Daphnia magna’s application as a model organism in toxicological research is instrumental in advancing our understanding of environmental toxicity and promoting effective environmental risk assessment and management strategies.