Manufacturing process with Chemical Reactions and mass Balance for 6 Pharmaceutical Drugs

Authors

  • Dr. Ashok K Rathoure Eco Group of Companies
  • Savita Goyal Aggarwal GRD IMT, 214, Rajpur Road, Dehradun UK - 248001, India.

Keywords:

Aceclofenac, Bifonazole, Clotrimazole, Drugs, Diclofenac Sodium, Pyridoxine Acetonide Hydrochloride

Abstract

Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Bifonazole is a substituted imidazole antifungal
agent structurally related to other drugs in this group. It possesses a broad spectrum of activity in vitro
against dermatophytes, moulds, yeasts, dimorphic fungi and some Gram-positive bacteria. Aceclofenac is
used to relieve pain in the conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid Arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.
Clotrimazole is used to treat yeast infections of the vagina, mouth and skin such as athlete’s foot, jock
itch and body ringworm. It can also be used to prevent oral thrush in certain patients. Dihydralazine
sulfate is a vasodilator and an antihypertensive agent. It relaxes arterial smooth muscle by inhibiting the
accumulation of intracellular free calcium. By relaxing vascular smooth muscle, vasodilators act to decrease
peripheral resistance. Pyridoxine hydrochloride is the 4-methanol form of Vitamin B6 which is converted
to Pyridoxal phosphate which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin,
norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. Here, we have presented the manufacturing process
along with mass balance for 6 pharmaceutical drugs.

References

1. Agius, R. (1989). Occupational exposure limits for therapeutic substances. Ann. Occ. Hyg. 33: 555-562.
2. Barry, S Strandgaard, D I Graham, U G Svendsen, O Braendstrup, O B Paulson (1984). Cerebral blood
flow during dihydralazine-induced hypotension i hypertensive rats. Stroke, 15(15).
3. Crowley Peter D and Gallagher Helen C (2014). Clotrimazole as a pharmaceutical: Past, present and
future. Journal of Applied Microbiology 117(3) DOI 10.1111/jam.12554.
4. Garg G., Swarnlata Saraf and S. Saraf (2007). Simultaneous estimation of aceclofenac, paracetamol
and chlorzoxazone in tablets. Indian J Pharm Sci 2007, 69 (5): 692-694.
5. Gennaro, A. (1990). Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th edition. Easton, PA: Mack Publishing
Company.
6. Goa, K.L. and Chrisp, P. (1992). Ocular diclofenac. A review of its pharmacology and clinical use in cataract
surgery, and potential in other inflammatory ocular conditions. Drugs Aging 2:473-486.
7. Hanneke Garbis, Margreet Rost van Tonningen, Minke Reuvers (2007).Anti-infective agents Hardman, JA
Gilman and L Limbird (1996). Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics. New York:
McGraw Hill Co. In: Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation (2nd Edi). Ed Christof Schaefer, Paul Peters
and Richard K. Miller, pp 123-177.
8. Kato, M., Nishida S, Kitasato H, Sakata N, Kawai S. (2001). Cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 selectivity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: investigation using human peripheral monocytes. J.
Pharm. Pharmacol. 53:1679-1685.
9. Klabunde, T., Petrassi HM, Oza VB, Raman P, Kelly JW, Sacchettini JC. (2000). Rational design of potent
human transthyretin amyloid disease inhibitors. Nat. Struct. Biol. 7:312-321.
10. Knowles Helen J, Ya-Min Tian, David R Mole, Adrian L Harris (2004). Novel mechanism of action for
hydralazine: Induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, and
angiogenesis by inhibition of prolyl hydroxylases. Circulation Research, 95(2004) DOI 10.1161/01.
RES.0000134924.89412.70.
11. Kurowski, M., and Dunky, A. (1992). Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of oral diosmin in healthy volunteers.
Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. Toxicol. 30(1):29-33.
12. Lackner TE and Clissold SP. (1989). Bifonazole. A review of its antimicrobial activity and therapeutic use in
superficial mycoses. Drugs. 38(2):204-25.
13. Manuchair Ebadi (2007). Desk Reference of Clinical Pharmacology, Second Edition CRC Press New York
Merlos, M., M. L. Vericat, J. García-Rafanell, J. Forn (1996). Topical anti-inflammatory properties of
flutrimazole, a new imidazole antifungal agent. Inflamm. Res. 45, 20-25.
14. Naumann, B, EV Sargent, BS Starkman, WJ Fraser, GT Becker and GD Kirk (1996). Performance-based
exposure control limits for pharmaceutical active ingredients Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 57: 33-42.
15. Sarfaraz K. Niazi (2009). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Formulations: Over-the-Counter
Products. Informa Healthcare USA.
16. Sargent, E. and G Kirk (1988). Establishing airborne exposure control limits in the pharmaceutical industry.
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 49:309-313.
17. Semalty A., Mona Semalty, B.S. Rawat, D.Singh, and M. S. M. Rawat (2010). Development and evaluation
of pharmacosomes of aceclofenac. Indian J Pharm Sci, 2010, 72 (5): 576-581.
18. Teichman, R, F Fallon and P Brandt-Rauf (1988). Health effects on workers in the pharmaceutical industry: A
review. J Soc Occ Med 38: 55-57.
19. Vietri, M., C. De Santi, A. Pietrabissa, F. Mosca, G. M. Pacifici (2000). Inhibition of human liver phenol
sulfotransferase by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Eur J. Clin. Pharmacol. 56:81-87.

Downloads

Published

2018-10-26

How to Cite

Rathoure, D. A. K., & Aggarwal, S. G. (2018). Manufacturing process with Chemical Reactions and mass Balance for 6 Pharmaceutical Drugs. Journal of Drug Discovery and Development ( ISSN:2581-6861), 1(1), 54-64. Retrieved from https://medicaljournalshouse.com/index.php/JDrug-Discovery-Development/article/view/55