Effects of A Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Based on Kellgren-Lawrence Grading for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Introduction: The degeneration of cartilage in the knee joint results in osteoarthritis. The pulsed electromagnetic field
(PEMF) is a novel approach to controlling inflammation, which may greatly impact tissue regeneration. This study
aims to determine the efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) in treating osteoarthritis (OA) using the Kell
gren-Lawrence grading system.
Methods: The systematic review, which was conducted using computerised searches from the following 4 databases:
Google Scholar, PubMed and Web of Science, Medline inception from 2014-2024 were searched for randomised con
trolled trials involving patients with osteoarthritis receiving PEMF therapy in this systematic review, which adhered to
PRISMA criteria. Based on the inclusion criteria, 12 random controlled group trials from 217 articles were retrieved.
Results: In the total of 7 studies, 5 research studies state that the PEMF was effective in managing pain, stiffness, and
physical functioning, and 2 studies state that the PEMF was also effective in post-TKR participants. PEMF treatment
showed promise and, most notably, outcome in treating osteoarthritis in the knee. VAS and WOMAC scores for pain
reduction indicated a notable improvement.
Conclusion: Pulsed electromagnetic field-based therapies show promise for knee osteoarthritis regarding pain man
agement, stiffness reduction, and functional restoration. TKR rehabilitation with PEMF benefits knee recovery, even
though physiotherapy management does not support the evidence for a grade 4 Kellgren Lawrence grading. However,
for chondrocytes and cartilage regeneration, more high-quality research is needed, as well as comparison trials with
evidence of clinical effects.