Recent Advances in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ( ISSN: 2454-8642 )

Diagnostic Cytopathology Approach along with Malignant Risk Stratification in Thyroid Lesions

Saswati Das — 2025-04-19

Objectives: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays a pivotal role
in the initial diagnosis of thyroid swellings. The standardisation of
cytomorphological classification by The Bethesda System for Reporting
Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) has simplified the treatment and
malignancy risk analysis can help select the follow-up strategies. The
aim of this study was to enumerate the cytomorphological features of
thyroid swellings, classification in TBSRTC and corroboration of their
radiological features along with illustration of diagnostic approaches
in non-diagnostic cases and malignancy risk stratification in thyroid
nodules.
Methods: FNAC were done in 153 cases of thyroid swellings and
cytomorphological diagnoses were made as per TBSRTC. Repeat FNAC
was done in non-diagnostic cases.
Results: Among 153 cases, benign lesions constituted 108 (70.6%) cases,
malignancy constituted 9 (5.9%) cases, and 22 (14.4%) cases were
non-diagnostic. Among benign cases, the majority (62, 57.4%) were
cases of colloid and multinodular goitre. Five out of nine malignant
cases (55.5%) showed a hypoechoic nodule in the ultrasound scan.
Repeat FNAC succeeded in making a diagnosis in three cases (13.6%)
of the non-diagnostic group. With guided FNAC, 10 cases (45.4%) were
diagnosed and 2 cases (11.1%) were found to be malignant. Among
the known risk factors, the number of nodules showed a significant
causal association with malignancy (Odds ratio: 8.9; p value 0.04) and
121 cases (79%) were euthyroid irrespective of malignancy status.
Conclusion: FNAC is a sensitive, accessible, and inexpensive diagnostic
tool and repeat FNAC in non-diagnostic cases is useful in diagnosing
and analysing malignant risk in thyroid lesions.

How to cite this article:
Das S, Gon S, Chakarabarti P R, Mallick D.
Diagnostic Cytopathology Approach along with
Malignant Risk Stratification in Thyroid Lesions
Rec Adv Path Lab Med. 2024;10(3&4):9-15.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2454.8642.202406

Large Cell Dysplasia and Its Relation to Liver Diseases

Shreya Maheshwari — 2025-04-17

Introduction: Large cell liver dysplasia is a premalignant hepatic lesion,
exhibiting abnormal nuclear characteristics like cellular enlargement,
nuclear polymorphism, hyperchromasia and multinucleation of
hepatocytes . There is no clear consensus relating LCD as the precursor
to Hepatocellular carcinoma; it results from oxidative stress.
Methods: Total of 8 liver biopsies were received from Department
of Pathology , Amrita School of Medicine, Faridabad . They were
microscopically reviewed over a period of 3 years for LCD, multiple
microscopic fields were examined for 1000 cells over 4-5 microscopic
fields at 40x .
Result: On observing the cases it was observed that LCD cases in
lymphoma were of a smaller age group, adenocarcinoma was of a
higher age group whereas hepatocellular carcinoma was of the highest
age group.Highest percentage of LCD was seen in cases of lymphoma
followed by adenocarcinoma and then hepatocellular carcinoma lowest
being in hepatitis.
Discussion: LCD is a combination of sustained liver injury , chronic
inflammation , oxidative stress, genetic and instability. Largest
percentage of LCD was seen in lymphoma cases which is a reactive
change .
The percentage of LCD in cases of adenocarcinoma was also high
due to indirect effects such as chemotherapy related liver damage ,
metastasis induced inflammation, cytokine release, oxidative stress
and malnutrition .The percentage of LCD is also increased in hepatitis
and hepatocellular carcinoma due to prolonged stress and damage
that chronic hepatitis inflicts on liver cells.

How to cite this article:
Maheshwari S, Modi K, Rana S, Mittal P. Large
Cell Dysplasia and Its Relation to Liver Diseases.
Rec Adv Path Lab Med. 2024;10(3&4):5-8.

The Psychology of Perfection: Role of Social Media

Arpita Sharma — 2025-02-05

Introduction: The rapid growth of social media platforms has profoundly altered how individuals perceive themselves and others, particularly concerning physical appearance. This review explores the complex interplay between social media use and body image dissatisfaction, focusing on the mechanisms through which digital platforms contribute to unhealthy eating behaviours and disorders.
Result: Results indicate a consistent link between exposure to idealised body images on social media and increased rates of body dissatisfaction, with various demographic factors influencing this relationship. Furthermore, the findings suggest that engagement with appearance- focused content correlates with unhealthy eating behaviours and th development of clinical eating disorders.
Conclusion: The conclusion underscores the urgent need for awareness
and intervention strategies, advocating for promoting positive body
image campaigns and responsible social media use to mitigate these
adverse effects. This review serves as a crucial resource for educators,
mental health professionals, and policymakers aiming to address the
complex interplay between social media, body image, and eating
disorders.

How to cite this article:
Sharma A, Saini N. The Psychology of Perfection:
Role of Social Media. Rec Adv Path Lab Med.
2024;10(3&4):1-4.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2454.8642.202402