International Journal of Healthcare Education & Medical Informatics (ISSN: 2455-9199)

A Comparative Study of Functional Strength Training and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Balance and Gait in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Keerthana S, Srishankar, Manoj Abraham — Thu, 03 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is nerve damage that is mainly caused by diabetes. It most often damages
the nerves in the legs and feet. The study’s main purpose is to compare the functional strength training and proprioceptive
neuromuscular facilitation on balance and gait in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Methods: Sampling 30 subjects of age group 50 to 70 years of both sexes selected from the outpatient department of
KG College of Physiotherapy. 15 subjects receive Functional strength training, and another 15 receive Proprioceptive
neuromuscular facilitation. The Berg balance and Dynamic gait index scales were assessed pre and post-intervention.
Results: diabetic neuropathy patients included in the study completed the 15 functional strength training sessions and
were re-evaluated at the five-month follow-up. The two-tailed P value is less than 0.0001 by the conventional method;
this result shows that it is extremely statistically significant.
Conclusion: This study concludes that functional strength training has improved the body’s balance and gait during
treatment.

Comparison of Supervised Machine Learning-Based Biofeedback Training and Home Based Exercise Training for Patients with Adhesive Capsulitis

Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: adhesive capsulitis, which is also referred to as frozen shoulder. this study aims to compare efficacy of
supervised machine learning-based biofeedback training compared to home-based exercise training for patients with
adhesive capsulitis.
Methods: in this study, patients with complaints related to frozen shoulder were selected. a total of 20 patients aged
between 40 and 65 years participated in the study. group 1 treated with home based exercise training and group 2
patients treated with supervised machine learning-based biofeedback training. they were followed upon weekly for
the first 6 weeks and at 2 months and 6 months. Group 2 patients were given supervised machine learning-based bio
feedback training in aroleap from week 2. (3 sessions, each for 15-20 mins).
Results: after 3 months of treatment in group 1 there were increases in active range of motion. mean abduction in
creased from 95 degrees to 108 degrees, mean forward flexion increased from 101 degrees to 115 degrees and mean
external rotation of shoulder increased from 12 degrees to 22 degrees.in group 2 mean abduction increased from 101
degrees to 122 degrees, mean forward flexion increased from 102 degrees to 130 degrees, mean external rotation
of the shoulder increased from 13 degrees to 30 degrees and mean internal rotation from 12 degrees to 33 degrees.
Conclusion: a supervised machine learning-based biofeedback training in aroleap exercise can produce a superior effect
on recovery from a frozen shoulder and is more effective than home-based exercise training.

Analysing the Effect of Fifa 11+ Program for Improving Agility and Explosive Strength among Football Players

Suryaprakash Nagaraj, Manoj Abraham Manoharlal — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Football is a dynamic game that involves more injury. FIFA developed the FIFA 11+ program to improve elite athletes’ performance and prevent injuries. This study analyses how this specific protocol influences injury prevention. It includes two groups and analyses the indirect correlation of agility and explosive strength on injury prevention.
Methods: 30 subjects were included in the study and divided into GROUP A and GROUP B. The FIFA 11+ program was
given to GROUP A, and the regular training was given to GROUP B. Pre- and post-test evaluations were done on the
variables of agility and explosive strength, using an agility T-test and vertical jump test.
Results: This study assesses how the protocol influences the variables, and we can see the significant difference between
GROUP A and GROUP B in both variables. Group A shows better clinical significance than group B (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The FIFA 11+ program helped prevent injuries and improve performance among collegiate football players.

Analysis of Trapezius Muscle Activity using Electromyography (Emg) and Craniovertebral Angle During Anterior Loading in Individuals with Acute Neck Pain - An Observational Study

Niveda M V, G A Geetha Hari Priya — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: mechanism of anterior load carriage involves examining how the human body reacts and moves when
bearing loads positioned in front. this mode of load carrying is prevalent in everyday scenarios like transporting backpacks.
Methods: this is a case control study in which participants would be screened for eligibility criteria. case group (indi
viduals with acute neck pain) and control group (healthy individuals) would be given a task to carry a barbell of 3kg at
three different levels (knuckle height , elbow height, shoulder height) followed by which the electromyographic activity
of upper trapezius and craniovertebral angle will be analyzed simultaneously. photographic method would be used for
analyzing the craniovertebral angle and the angle is measured using kinovea software.
Results: the statistical analysis revealed that there is a significant change in the emg activity of upper trapezius and cva
angle in both the groups (p value < 0.01). although, there is greater muscle activation and deviation in cva noted in
case group. hence, anterior load carriage leads to significant changes in craniovertebral angles, suggesting alterations
in head and neck posture.
Conclusion: this study provides valuable insights into the biomechanical implications of anterior loading in individuals
with acute neck pain. these findings underscore the importance of ergonomic interventions and rehabilitation strat
egies aimed at minimizing discomfort and preventing exacerbation of neck pain in daily activities involving anterior
load carriage.

Assessment of Muscle Tone in Extremely Preterm, Very Preterm and Moderate Preterm Infants at 40 Weeks of Corrected Gestational Age

S Priyanga — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: who defines preterm as the babies born alive before the completion of 37 weeks of gestational age. the
preterm infants (pti) are further categorised based on their gestational age as extremely preterm infants being born
before 28 weeks of gestation.
Methods: this observational study was conducted in nicu of sri ramachandra institute of higher education and research.
132 infants were recruited based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria after obtaining informed consent. they are
categorised into four groups - group 1 extremely pti (n=30), group 2 very pti (n=34), group 3 moderate to late pti (n=34),
group 4 fti (n=34). muscle tone of the infants were measured using amiel-tison angle (adductor angle, heel to ear, pop
liteal angle, dorsiflexion angle and scarf sign) at the time of birth and all the preterm infants received early stimulation
program and they were reassessed for muscle tone at the 40th week of corrected gestational age.
Results: anova of three-group showed significant difference between the muscle tone extremely pti, very pti, moder
ate pti at the time of birth for all the angles with p<0.05. anova of three groups and fti showed significant difference
between the groups with p<0.05 except dorsiflexion angle between the moderate pti and the fti infants at 40weeks
of corrected age.
Conclusion: there is a significant difference in the muscle tone development at the time of birth and at 40weeks of
gestation in pti born at different gestational age. the result accentuates that tonal deviations should be addressed
appropriately based on their gestational age to enhance their motor development.

Balance Impairment, Presence of Fear of Fall and Regional Functional Status in Individuals with Unilateral Plantar Fasciitis

Priyadharshini V, Subbiah K — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Plantar fasciitis occurs in working adults between 20 and 65. Individuals with plantar fasciitis usually adopt
an antalgic gait pattern whereby they decrease the time of heel contact with the ground by increasing support on the
lateral and anterior part of the foot and change joint position sense, causing body oscillations and can impair balance.
The study’s objective is to compare the effect of balance impairment on regional function and fear of falls in individuals
with unilateral plantar fasciitis and Age-matched healthy individuals.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted in which, after receiving written informed consent, 37 participants with
unilateral Plantar fasciitis based on the inclusion criteria and 37 age-matched healthy subjects were recruited from Sri
Ramachandra physiotherapy OPD for the study.
Results: The COFP displacement in the anterioposterior and Mediolateral direction is compared, and the findings indi
cate a significant difference (p<0.0001). The fear of fall status evaluated using FES-I demonstrated greater value than
the control group, and the findings indicate a significant difference (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: The presence of balance impairment is very evident. The study enables individuals with plantar fasciitis
to know more about the effect of balance impairment on regional function. Future studies can incorporate balance
training for the participants.

Barriers, Perceptions and Knowledge of Early Mobilization Practice Post Cardiovascular Surgeries Across Indian Physiotherapists Working in Intensive Care Units: Observational Cross Sectional Survey Study

Denis C Juma, S Sridevi, N Venkatesh, T Senthil Kumar — Fri, 04 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Early mobilisation (EM) post cardiovascular surgeries is paramount to attaining positive effects, as EM is
shown to have physical, mental and emotional benefits in restoring a patient’s condition. Despite the benefits, safety,
and feasibility, clinicians, including Physiotherapists, do not commonly use early mobilisation in intensive care units.
Methods: An observational descriptive Cross-Sectional Survey to study barriers, knowledge and perceptions of early
mobilisation practised post-cardiovascular surgery patients among Indian Physiotherapists working in ICU/PCCU was
carried out from February 2024 to April 2024.
Results: The rate of responses was 84.2%. Most respondents (48.5%) checked early ambulation as crucial, as it should
be a top priority in the care of critically ill patients and should be initiated as soon as the patient’s cardiac-pulmonary
function stabilised. More than half of the respondents (52.5%) were familiar with clinical trials and/or literature that
evaluate early mobilisation to post-cardiovascular surgery in ICU/PCCU, while 47.5% were not. Regarding training, over
one-third of the respondents (37.6%) do not feel sufficiently trained or informed to mobilise non-invasive mechanical
ventilated post-cardiac surgery clients in the ICU/PCCU. The most important barriers identified were medical or surgical
instability (69 (68.3%), prior order required from consultants/surgeons or physicians (60 (59.4%)), absence of written
guidelines or protocols (45 (44.6%)), excessive sedation (44 (43.6)), inadequate equipment (42 (41.6%)) and limited
staffing (Physiotherapists).
Conclusion: Barriers to practice early ambulation or mobilisation in critical care units still exist.

Burden of Metabolic Syndrome on Pain Severity in Knee Oa Patients

Mullai Vendhan P, Angeline R — Sat, 19 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) often co-exist. Metabolic syndrome (MetS)
is frequently associated with central obesity and is characterized by elevated waist circumference, raised blood sugar
level, raised triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoproteins, and hypertension, which is implicated in the pathogenesis
of OA. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with primary KOA and assess if
the severity of metabolic syndrome and its components correlate with osteoarthritis symptoms of pain.
Methods: The observational study was conducted at the outpatient Physiotherapy department, Sri Ramachandra
Hospital, Chennai. They were divided into 2 groups based on whether or not they had the MetS. All participants were
subjected to medical history taking and complete clinical evaluation. MetS was diagnosed according to the Interna
tional Diabetes Federation (IDF2009). Also, participants’ pain severity was evaluated using NPRS. The collected data
was taken up for analysis.
Results: The study showed a significant difference (p- p-value <0.0001) between pain severity in MetS KOA groups and
non-MetS KOA groups, stating a substantial burden in the MetS KOA population. Therefore, clinical practitioners should
consider metabolic syndrome during the assessment of KOA. Interventions should be directed towards preventing and
managing metabolic syndrome, and physiotherapy’s role needs to be further explored.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, the study concluded that the Individuals with MetS OA have higher pain scores than
those in the Non-MetS KOA group. Hence, the study proves a significant difference between the groups regarding pain
severity

Combination of Hip Strengthening and Stretching with Ultrasound Therapy for the Treatment of Plantar Fascitis

Sudhakar D — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: plantar fascitis is one of the important painful condition seen among patients. it affects the middle age
group especially obese male &female. plantar fascitis is an overuse injury causing inflammation at the origin of the
plantar fascia and is characterized by plantar heel pain that is provoked by taking the first few steps in the early morning
and by prolonged standing.
Method: study type - effectiveness study.participants - total 15 participants are taken.duration - 3 weeks, 8 to 9 session
Result: Ultrasound therapy and gastrocnemius-soleus stretching with hip strengthening exercise were applied for three
weeks (8 to 9 sessions) and they are reassessed for pain and range of motion. the values of pre and post treatment
scores are compared.
Conclusion: Hence i was strongly suggest that the ultrasound therapy and gastrocnemius-soleus stretching with hip
strengthening exercise provides a faster and better prognosis in management of plantar fasciitis.

Combined Effects of Posterior Pelvic Tilt and Core Stability Exercise on Excessive Lumbar Lordosis and Pain among Subjects with Non specific Low Back Pain

Jessika Rajamony, Ishwarya Vardhini C , Senthil Purushothaman — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: A common public health concern is low back pain, which is discomfort in the lumbar spine. It may or may
not be specific. Hyperlordosis involves an exaggerated lumbar curve, causing the pelvis to tilt forward and resulting in
pelvic misalignment syndrome. Changing the pelvic tilt affects the length of the muscles surrounding the spine and the
hip joint and a significant amount of stress on the lumbar vertebrae. The most noteworthy is the reciprocal relationship
between pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis, which states that an increase in pelvic tilt is linked to increased lumbar lordosis.
Methods: 30 subjects were selected for the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Core stability exercise and
posterior pelvic tilt exercise were combined as interventions. The subject’s lumbar lordosis angle and pain were taken
as outcome measures and assessed using the handy level application and VAS scale. The study was 4 weeks, after which
the results were documented for statistical analysis.
Results: The Mean value for Pre-test LLA is 50.799, and for post-test LLA is 47.226. The mean value for pre-test VAS is
4.966, and for post-test VAS, it is 2.366. The results showed significant changes in lumbar lordosis angle and VAS values.
Conclusion: The combined implementation of core stability exercises and posterior pelvic tilt exercises affects lumbar
lordosis and pain in subjects with nonspecific low back pain

Comparing The Effectiveness of Therapeutic Ultrasound with Exercises and Cervical Mobilization with Exercises Treatment for Patients with Cervicogenic Headache

Sharmila K, Radhakrishnan R, Sowmiya A — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Cervicogenic headache(CGH) is a secondary type of headache that arises from the atlanto-occipital and
upper cervical joints with neck pain. CGH displays a somewhat specific picture: unilateral headache, starting posterior
and progressing to the frontal area, which is the most common headache location. In this study the effects of cervical
mobilization were compared with therapeutic ultrasound treatment with exercises and ergonomic advises. The aim of
this study is to find the effectiveness of therapeutic ultrasound and cervical mobilization with common exercises for
both the groups on reducing pain intensity of cervicogenic headache and in improving joint range of motion.
Methods: The Study design is a Quasi experimental study and 30 subjects with cervicogenic headache were selected
based on Inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomized into 2 groups. Group-A received therapeutic ultrasound with
strengthening exercises and Group-B received cervical mobilization with strengthening exercises. The study duration
was 6 weeks, 3 days/week. All subjects underwent a pre and post Intervention measurements of pain severity and joint
range of motion using Numeric Pain Rating Scale and Goniometry.
Results: Pre and post-test were statistically analyzed and it was found that there is a significant (P <0.001) better
improvement in group B [cervical mobilization with exercises] than group A [Therapeutic ultrasound with Exercise].
Conclusion: Cervical mobilization with exercises is more effective in relieving pain and improving joint range of motion
than therapeutic ultrasound with exercise alone in patient having cervicogenic headache.

Comparison of Concentric Exercise and Eccentric Exercise with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Pain and Grip Strength in Tennis Elbow

Aarthi S — Thu, 03 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: To determine the effect of concentric exercise versus eccentric exercise along with shockwave therapy
on pain and grip strength in tennis elbow participants. various literature have studied the individual effects of these
techniques, comparing and combined treatment effects are needed to study their effects for better management.
Methods: A quasi experimental study design, group a received shockwave therapy with concentric exercise and group
b received shockwave therapy with eccentric exercise for 4 weeks.30 participants equally divided into two groups, 15
participants each by randomized sampling method. a pre and post test using unpaired ‘t’ test for pain and grip strength
was measured using visual analogue scale and handheld dynamometry.
Results: Both groups showed significant improvements. group b showed significant improvement than group a.
Conclusion: This study concluded that concentric and eccentric exercises with shockwave therapy showed significant
improvements but eccentric exercise with shockwave therapy showed significantly more improvement than concentric
exercise with shockwave therapy

Eeffectiveness of Tibialis Posterior Versus Gluteus Medius Strengthening on Medial Longitudinal Arch and Balance Among Individuals with Flexible Flat Foot

Shalini M, S Sujitha — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Effect of Balance Training in Elderly for the Prevention of Fall Risk: Descriptive Review

Sowmya R, Antony Leo Aseer P, Soundararajan K — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Falls are a leading cause of injury and decreased quality of life among the elderly. As the ageing process
affects muscle strength, coordination, and balance, older adults become increasingly susceptible to falls, which can
lead to significant physical and psychological consequences. Falls in the elderly often result in fractures. Some of the
common fractures are hip fractures, wrist fractures, pelvic fractures, and arm and shoulder fractures. Balance training
has emerged as a crucial intervention in mitigating this risk. By improving stability and coordination, balance exercises
can enhance overall mobility and confidence in daily activities, thus reducing the incidence of falls. This review explores
the critical role of balance training in senior care, emphasising its impact on preventing falls and promoting a safer,
more active lifestyle for the elderly population.
Methods: Literature Search: We systematically searched electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the
Cochrane Library) from inception to April 2024.
Eligibility Criteria: Studies that prescribe balance training as a treatment for the elderly will be included, and other
studies will be excluded.
Findings of the review: Effectiveness of Balance Training: Multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses have demon
strated that balance training significantly reduces the risk of falls in older adults. Exercise programs that include balance
training, alongside strength and functional exercises, are particularly effective in lowering fall rates and improving
balance and functional mobility.
Conclusion: Balance training is essential for fall prevention in the elderly, significantly enhancing older adults’ safety
and quality of life. Integrating balance exercises into broader exercise regimens is highly recommended to achieve the
best results.

Effect of Balance Training on Pain Intensity and Disability Among Chronic Low Back Pain Individuals - A Randomized Controlled Trial

Dinesh R, Soundararajan K, Antony Leo Aseer P — Fri, 04 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) is the most expensive healthcare disorder, exceeding all other health problems with a recurrence rate of up to 60–80%. The sensorimotor pathways are believed to be altered in CLBP, affecting the motor response behaviour of CLBP sufferers and reducing body balance ability.
Methods: The CLBP group comprised an experimental group of 42 subjects, and the control group of 42 subjects was
taken using purposive sampling and block randomisation. The control group participants were trained with low back
strengthening exercises. The experimental group was trained in balance using BPSS (Balance &amp Postural Stability
System) and balance exercises. The outcome measures (Oswestry Disability Index Scale, Visual Analogue Scale) were
measured at baseline and after 3 months.
Results: A significant difference between groups from two weeks to four weeks (p = 0.03) was found, with the balance
exercises group demonstrating higher ODI and VAS composite scores than the GEs group. However, there were no
significant between-group differences from baseline to 4 weeks (p =0.431) and from 8 weeks to 12 weeks (p = 0.0001).
Conclusion: Subjects trained in balance using BPSS and balance exercises had better balance and control of postural
sway than those taught with low back strengthening exercises. However, low back strengthening exercises appeared
to have an effect equivalent to balance exercises after a 12-week intervention.

Effect of Circuit Training on Cardiovascular Fitness and Bmi in Overweight College Students

Jemimah Rubel J, Manoj Abraham Manoharlal — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background of the study: In developing countries like India, it is recognized that people aged 18-25 and above are a
more vulnerable group of people with unhealthy lifestyles, leading to overweight and obesity. Studies prove that Obese
and overweight individuals have lower cardiac fitness. So, this study determined the effects of circuit training on car
diovascular fitness in overweight college students and the impact of BMI in overweight college students.
Methods: The study was based on pre-test and post-test experimental study design. The study was conducted for 6
months. A total of 20 Students were selected using the convenience sampling method based on the selection criteria
and were included in the study Circuit training program consisting of 10 types of Resistance exercise and Aerobic ex
ercise – 3 times per week for 12 weeks, which was given to a single group where pre and post-test on cardiovascular
fitness and BMI was taken.
Results: There was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test values when evaluated with the Harvard step
test. A statistically significant improvement was obtained in students with cardiovascular fitness (paired ‘t’ test value
t = 21.33) and BMI (paired ‘t’ test value t = 15.3).
Conclusion: The above results significantly improve cardiovascular fitness and BMI circuit training.

Effect of Core Strengthening with Pelvic Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Trunk, Balance, Gait, and Function in Chronic Stroke

Madhumitha, Hariharasuthan, Manoj abraham — Thu, 03 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Common deficiencies in stroke include spasticity, weakness, and loss of equilibrium on the affected side
causing inability to maintain postural alignment. stroke one side of the limbs are affected but trunk muscles are affected
on both the sides leading to insufficient trunk rotation, difficulty in maintaining balance and gait.
Methods: The subjects was selected randomly under inclusion and exclusion criteria. 30 subjects selected which is
divided into 15 each group. experimental group -pelvic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation.core strengthening.
control group-pelvic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation.
Results: The pre and post test showed significant improvements in experimental group compared with control group
on trunk impairment scale(tis) scores (t=-10.143, p=0.001); tinetti-poma scores (t=-16.915, p=0.001)
Conclusion: The results of core strengthening and pelvic pnf for improving trunk impairment, balance, gait, and function
in stroke patients. improved core stability provides a stable base for trunk and leg movements.

Effect of Forward Reach on Paretic Lower Extremity Muscles of Patients with Stroke in A Modified Sitting Position - Randomized Control Trial

Nuwagi Buay Tluway, Ramachandran Sivakumar, Radika CM — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Stroke often leads to hemiparesis, significantly weakening motor functions. Various training methods,
including postural reactions, have been documented as the techniques used to provoke muscle contractions in paretic
lower extremities. This study investigated the effect of forward reach in a modified sitting position on the paretic lower
extremity muscles of patients with stroke.
Methods: Seventy-first-time cerebral stroke survivors in their early sub-acute phase were recruited in the study.
Through block randomization, participants were equally and randomly allocated into the experimental or control
group. Both groups underwent conventional training sessions lasting 45 minutes. The experimental group engaged in
training sessions focusing on reaching a target while seated with only the paretic foot on the stool, whereas the control
group performed the same task with both feet on the stool. Each group completed 20 repetitions of forward reaching,
extending to one and a half times their arm’s length, twice daily for 8 days. Surface electromyography was utilized to
measure the quadriceps and tibialis anterior muscle activity before the first and after the last intervention.
Results: Post-intervention, the quadriceps and tibialis muscle surface EMG activity were significantly higher in both
groups (p = 0.001). Furthermore, the experimental group exhibited higher muscle activity in both quadriceps and tibialis
anterior compared to the control group (p = 0.001).
Conclusion: Forward reaching with only the paretic lower limb grounded on the stool effectively improves quadriceps
and tibialis anterior muscles recruitment in the early sub-acute phase of stroke.

Effect of Forward Shoulder Posture on Maximum Breathing Capacity Among Undergraduate Physical Therapy Students

Jenifer a — Thu, 03 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Normal posture ensures balance and protects body structures, while forward shoulder posture (FSP),
often resulting from prolonged use of smartphones and computers, leads to muscle imbalance and respiratory issues.
This study focuses on female students who commonly develop rounded shoulders during puberty, impacting their
breathing. FSP limits thoracic expansion and reduces breathing efficiency.
Methods: A sample of 100 asymptomatic female physical therapy students, aged 18 to 21 years, was selected through
simple randomized sampling. Oral consent was obtained from all participants. Materials used included a flow-oriented
incentive spirometer, tape measure, and stopwatch. Shoulder posture was assessed using a steel tape measure, with
distances >2.5 cm indicating forward shoulder posture. Maximum breathing capacity (MBC) was assessed using the “3
Minute Respiratory Exerciser Test” (3 MRET). Collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software.
Results: The study found a statistically significant negative correlation between forward shoulder posture and maximum
breathing capacity (r = -0.93, p = 0.001 < 0.05). An increase in forward shoulder posture corresponded with a reduction
in maximum breathing capacity.
Conclusion: Forward shoulder posture significantly affects maximum breathing capacity in female undergraduate
physical therapy students.

Effect of Four-Week Hop Stabilization Exercise Program on Balance and Lower Limb Power in Amateur Volleyball Players

Prabhakaran, Suryaprakash, Manoj Abraham — Thu, 03 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: volleyball is one of the popular sports across the globe. the major actions carried out in volleyball sports are serving, forearm passing, jumping which are mainly influenced by the athlete’s ability to control their dynamic balance.
Methods:total 58 samples were screened based on eligibility criteria, were divided into experimental group and control
group. pre-assessment was done at week 0. the experimental group received the hsep and regular exercise program
for 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks, receiving total 12 sessions. the control group received regular exercise program.
post-assessment was done at week 4.
Result:at the baseline, there were no-significant differences between the groups in respect to age, height, weight, bmi
as p>0.05. anova was used for comparison of mean at different time intervals. after 06 weeks the mean between-group
difference for the balance was -0.96 and vertical jump height was -0.12 at (95% ci).
Conclusion:the study concludes that 4 weeks of hsep is effective in improving balance and lower limb power in volleyball
players.

Effect of High Heels Footwear on Heel Leg Alignment and Ankle Flexibility among Hospital Working Professionals- Cross-Sectional Study

Shanmathi G, Ishwarya Vardhini C, Senthil Purushothaman — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: High heels are described as footwear that is elevated than the front foot. The Spine Health Institute (SHI)
says that 72% of women aged 18-49 employ heels, and 77% wear them for special events. Heel type and size can in
fluence lower limb mechanics and prolonged usage.
Methods: 50 samples were included in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects’ height, weight, and age were noted, and their BMI was calculated before the test. Then, a heel-leg alignment test and weight-bearing lunge test were conducted on the subjects and values were reported. The duration of the study was 4 weeks. The
findings were analyzed statistically.
Results: Based on the presentation of the data using heel-leg alignment test and knee-to-wall test, it showed a signiicant reduction in the ankle dorsiflexion ROM in both the ankle and calcaneum valgus is noted on the right side than the left side.
Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a relationship between high heels footwear, leg-heel alignment and ankle flex
ibility (dorsiflexion) among hospital working professionals, with more changes shown on the dominant side

Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on Aerobic Fitness and Speed Endurance of Inter- Collegiate Cricket Players

S Kishore, Senthil Purushothaman — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy on Wound Healing in Diabetic Ulcer

Babisha P C, N Venkatesh — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: A diabetic person has a 25% lifetime risk of developing a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), leading to limb am
putation in up to one in six DFU patients. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) uses low-power lasers or light-emitting diodes
to alter cellular function and molecular pathways and may be a promising treatment for DFU. However, very little is
reported on the efficacy of LLLT for diabetic wounds. This study aims to analyse the quantitative reduction in diabetic
ulcers when applying low-level laser therapy.
Methods: An extensive literature search is done to expand knowledge about the various methods and outcome meth
ods followed for diabetic ulcers. The samples were taken for study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria using
a purposive sampling method. All the participants in the survey were pre-tested by measuring the wound size with a
limit measure app. The participants are allocated based on simple random sampling. The case group is given low- level
laser therapy for 3 weeks with 7 sessions (3+2+2). The control group was treated with a saline wash and dressing. Af
ter 3 weeks, the size of the wound is measured and compared with the previous ones. The percentage of wound size
reduction is calculated, and the results are given.
Results: In the LLLT group, the reduction in mean circumference of wound size was statistically significant from 14.76
to 12.63 and p<0.001. this was compared to the control group treatment 17.56 to 16.65.
Conclusion: The LLLT group significantly improved wound size reduction and proved more effective than usual saline
wash and medications.

Effect of Physical Activity in Elderly Subjects with Dementia: A Systematic Review

Moneka C, Antony Leo Aseer P, Soundararajan K — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Dementia mostly affects elderly adults; it is not a part of ageing. The primary objective of the scoping
review is to exercise for elderly subjects with dementia to improve their cognition, activities of daily living (ADLs), and
quality of life, reduce neuropsychiatric symptoms and depression and reduce the burden on family caregivers and use
healthcare services.
Methods: Literature Search: We systemically searched electronic databases (PubMed, COCHRANE Library) from incept
ion to April 2024.
Eligibility Criteria: Studies involved exercises for dementia subjects were included. Boolean apparatus (and) is used – Dementia and elderly subjects, Dementia and physical activity, Dementia and elderly subjects and physical activity.
Findings of the review: Most of these research papers support the idea that physical activity significantly benefits sub
jects suffering from dementia. Specifically, it helps to stabilise and improve cognitive function as well as to reduce and
delay the onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression, confusion and apathy. Regular physical activity may
contribute to slowing down the progression of cognitive decline. The differential effects of specific types of exercises
(e.g., aerobic exercises, strength training, balance exercises and flexibility training) on cognitive function in subjects
with dementia.
Conclusion: The evidence shows that physical activity has a major effect on performing ADLs in subjects with dementia.
However, there is limited evidence of the impact of physical activity in improving cognitive function and delaying the
onset of neuropsychiatric symptoms. There is a need for longitudinal studies to know the long-term effect of physical
activity on cognitive function in elderly subjects with dementia.

Effect of Pilates Training on Urinary Incontinence and Quality of Life among Postmenopausal Women

Sruthi S, Manoj Abraham Manoharlal — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Urinary incontinence is an unpleasant and common crisis for the majority of women, especially in post
menopausal women. Weak pelvic floor muscles are primarily responsible for urinary incontinence. With a robust
methodology, this study was conducted to check the effectiveness of pilates training on urinary incontinence and its
impact on quality of life.
Methods: A group of 10 participants between the ages of 45 and 60, all with a history of urinary incontinence, were
carefully selected. They underwent a structured Pilates training program for 6 weeks. The impact of this training on
urinary incontinence and quality of life was assessed using standardised questionnaires before and after the treatment.
Results: The results were statistically analyzed with a paired ‘t’ test at a 5% significance level. The pre-test and post-test
values of the (ICIQ) and (PIFQ) were analyzed. For (ICIQ), The table t value is 2.26, and the calculated ‘t’ value is 6.01. The
null hypothesis was rejected since the calculated ‘t’ value > table ‘t’ value. Hence, Pilates training significantly affected
urinary incontinence when assessed with an international consultation on incontinence questionnaire. For (PFIQ), the
table ‘t’ value was 2.26, and the calculated ‘t’ value was 7.01. The null hypothesis is rejected since the calculated ‘t’
value > table ‘t’ value. Pilates training significantly affected urinary incontinence when assessing the quality of life.
Conclusion: Thus, the study concluded that Pilates training can effectively reduce urinary incontinence and improve
the quality of life in postmenopausal women.

Effect of Sustaining Paretic Lower Limb on an Unstable Surface to Provoke Muscle Contraction in Lower Extremity in Patients with Hemiplegia

Mishal Devadhanam J, Sivakumar Ramachandran — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Activities with unstable surfaces provoke greater muscle contractions than stable ones. Unstable surfaces
could provoke muscle contraction in the paretic side muscle in hemiplegia. The effect of sustaining the hemiparetic
lower limb over an unstable surface on selected muscles of the lower extremity in patients in the acute phase of stroke
has not been explored yet, and this was tested in this study.
Methods: First-time ischemic stroke patients who can follow the commands to perform the activities were included in
the study and randomized into two groups.
Results: Overall, 28 patients (aged 65.53 ± 8.19 years) in the control group and 28 (aged 57.96 ± 10.89 years) in the
experimental group completed the training. After ten training sessions, both groups showed increased activity in the
quadriceps and hip abductors. Furthermore, the electromyographic activity in quadriceps and hip abductors was high
er in the experimental group compared to the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.01).
Conclusions: Training that involves efforts to sustain the paretic lower limb on an unstable surface can be used to pro
voke activity in selected muscles of the lower extremity. This concept can create a range of exercises that target vari
ous muscle groups and offer diverse training options. Including simple exercises with minimal equipment and manual
assistance promotes self-exercise and will likely improve adherence to exercise intervention post-stroke.

Effect of Tele-Based Pelvic Floor Muscle Rehabilitation on Stress Urinary Incontinence– A Literature Review

VIJAYALAKSHMI. G , B sathyaprabha — Fri, 04 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) is the involuntary loss of urine due to pelvic floor dysfunction. The
prevalence of urinary incontinence(UI) is 40%, influencing well-being and quality of life. UI is more common in women
than men; approximately 10% of all adult women experience UI, and it increases with age. The goal of this study is to
determine if tele-based PFM therapy is beneficial for an SUI.
Methods: Systematic reviews and randomized control trial studies were searched and analyzed from the last 10 years
of articles in electronic databases like Cochrane, Medline, Scopus, web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Pedro
that included mesh words like pelvic floor muscle, pelvic floor muscle education, pelvic floor muscle training, telehealth,
urinary incontinence.
Results: Five randomised controlled studies and two systematic reviews were featured in this study. One study was
deemed fair quality, and six were good quality using Pedro and CASP. The patient showed good compliance and satis
faction with pelvic floor telerehabilitation and improved quality of life. According to pooled research, pelvic floor tel
erehabilitation greatly affected the severity of urine incontinence, had a large effect on pelvic floor muscular strength,
and a medium effect on quality of life.
Conclusion: This literature review revealed that telebased pelvic floor muscle training is a feasible and effective approach to improving pelvic floor muscle strength and quality of life. Future studies comparing home-based and tele-based pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation are not just recommended but a pressing need.

Effect of Visual and Auditory Cues on Risk of Fall and Gait Parameters in Parkinsons

Megitha Puja , Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Senthil Purushothaman — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Recent research has explored using
visual and auditory cues to improve gait and reduce fall risk in PD. With its meticulous methodology, this study inves
tigated the effect of aural and visual cues on gait and balance in patients with PD.
Methods: A total of 20 samples diagnosed with idiopathic PD (Hoehn and Yahr stages I to II) were recruited and allocated
into two groups: a conventional group and an experimental group. The sampling method was convenience sampling.
This study lasts 45 minutes per session, 3 days a week, for 6 weeks. The conventional group will receive traditional gait
training, including mirror feedback, sit-to-stand, and walking in parallel bars. The experimental group will receive visual
and auditory cues focusing on the risk of falls and gait parameters in PD. The Visual cues consisted of different colour
tapes placed along the walkway at each subject’s calculated normalized step length. The subject will be asked to step
on it to initiate gait. The auditory cues will focus on a specified cadence to continue walking.
Results: The results indicate statistically significant differences between the groups for all outcome measures: TUG DIFF
(p = .001), STEP LENGTH_DIFF (p = .000), CADENCE DIFF (p = .000), and STRIDE LENGTH DIFF (p = .000).
Conclusion: The study’s findings concluded that the Experimental Group outperforms the Conventional group in terms
of gait parameters and fall risk in PD.

Effectiveness of Backward Walking Training in Improving Balance in Elderly Population

Deepthi S , A Rajarajeswari — Thu, 03 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Maintaining balance is crucial for the elderly to prevent falls and maintain independence. Backward walking training has shown promise in improving balance in this population. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of backward walking training compared to conventional balance exercises in improving balance among elderly individuals.
Methods: A total of 42 elderly participants aged 50 to 75 years were recruited and divided into Interventional (n=21)
and Control (n=21) groups. The Interventional group underwent backward walking training sessions, while the Control
group received conventional balance exercises. Pre and post-tests were conducted using the Berg Balance Scale and
Dynamic Gait Index.
Results: Significant improvements in dynamic balance and gait speed were observed in the Interventional group
compared to the Control group.
Conclusion: Backward walking training appears to be more effective than conventional balance exercises in enhancing
balance and gait parameters among the elderly population. This suggests its potential utility in fall prevention strategies
and rehabilitation programs for elderly individuals.

Effectiveness of Balance Training with Balance Postural Sway System Among Elderly Population

Vignesh V , Rajeswari M — Thu, 03 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Elderly adults have reduced ability to adapt changes in their environment to maintain balance, thereby
increasing sway. Older adults find routine exercise programs to be challenging in improving balance. To keep those
populations engaged there are several technologies used where Balance Postural Sway System (BPSS) is one among
them which helps to assess postural sway and therapeutically used to improve balance. This study intends to analyze
the effect of Balance postural sway system (BPSS) training on balance in elderly population.
Methods: This interventional study was conducted in 51 elderly adults above 60 years based on inclusion and exclusion
criteria after obtaining informed consent. Interventional group (n=26) underwent balance training with BPSS training
whereas control group (n=25) underwent conventional balance training. The BPSS parameters that were used are centre
of foot Pressure Xi (COFPXi) and Centre of Foot Pressure Yi (COFPYi) which indicates the centre of foot pressure with
lateral sway and anterior posterior sway respectively, Left and right toe heel denotes the weight distribution between
toe to heel. The outcome measures used were Fall Efficacy Scale International (FES-I), Berg balance Scale (BBS) and
Functional reach test (FRT).
Results: Paired t test showed significant difference in all parameters BPSS- COFPXi , COFPYi, Right toe heel (BBS, FES-I,
FRT) except Left toe heel whereas conventional balance training group showed significance in BPSS – COFPYi (FES, BBS,
FRT) except in COFPXi, Left toe heel, Right toe heel at p<0.05. Unpaired t test showed BPSS group improved significantly
than conventional group in all balance parameters except in BBS at p<0.05.
Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate potential benefits of BPSS training on balance parameters and
reduction in fall risk. Balance Postural Sway System (BPSS) with force sensors reduce postural sway and improve balance
which is safe and effective intervention as it is a game based activity that can be included in the standard practice of
care in elderly population.

Effectiveness of Capsular Stretching Versus Scapulothoracic Exercises on Pain, Rom and Function among Stage Ii Frozen Shoulder Randomized Control Trial

Sabari raja P, Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Senthil Purushothaman — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Effectiveness of Cawthorne Cooksey Exercises vs Conditioning Exercises on Balance and Postural Stability among Vertigo Patients.

Nithyadevi — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background of the Study: Vertigo is a rotational, spinning component and is the perception of movement either of the
self or surrounding objects that is not occurring or is occurring differently from how it is perceived. Dizziness, vertigo,
and disequilibrium are symptoms that can result from peripheral vestibular disorder (85%), dysfunction of the balance
organs of the inner ear or central vestibular disorder (15%), dysfunction of one or more parts of the central nervous
system that help process balance and spatial information.
Objectives: To study the effectiveness of Cawthorne- Cooksey versus Conditioning exercises on balance and postural
stability among vertigo patients.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study design compares two groups using a simple random sampling method. In this
study, 30 subjects are included based on the inclusion criteria.
Results: In the comparison of the mean value between the two groups in the Dizziness Handicap Inventory, the mean
value of Group A was 29.40, which was less than Group B’s value of 35.67. The unpaired ‘t-test value was 5.732 at a
0.05% level, greater than the tabulated value (2.048). The statistical analysis shows a significant improvement in balance
and postural stability in the two groups.
Conclusion: This study’s findings underscore the considerable effectiveness of Cawthorne- Cooksey exercises, a key
component of the Vestibular Rehabilitation program, in improving balance and postural stability among vertigo patients.
These results are not only informative but also highly relevant to the field of physiotherapy, providing a valuable
contribution to the understanding and treatment of vertigo.

Effectiveness of Eccentric Thoracic Stretching on Thoracic Expansion and Exercise Tolerance among Subjects with Rounded Shoulder Posture

Simiyal, Ishwarya Vardhini C, Senthil Purushothaman — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: A rounded shoulder is a protrusion of the acromion of the shoulder joint relative to the centerline of
gravity of the body, causing stooped posture along with elevation, protraction, and downward rotation of the scap
ula, and an increased angle between the lower neck bone and upper spine. The rounded shoulder posture is relat
ed to weakness in the middle and lower trapezius muscle and tightness in the anterior serratus muscle, pectoralis
minor, and pectoralis major muscles, leading to alteration in pulmonary mechanics and exercise tolerance.
Methods: 30 subjects with rounded shoulder postures were selected as per inclusion criteria. The subjects received
eccentric pectoral stretching for a period of 6 weeks. The outcome measures were a six-minute walk test and chest
expansion measurement at three levels, namely axillary, nipple and xiphoid process, respectively.
Results: The analysis showed a significant increase in the post-test mean at a p-value less than 0.05 and the six-min
ute walk test at a p-value less than 0.05.
Conclusion: Eccentric thoracic stretching effectively increases thoracic expansion and exercise tolerance among sub
jects with rounded shoulder posture.

Effectiveness of Functional Pattern Training to Improve Trunk Stability in Elderly Population

K Soniya — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: the trunk plays a major role in maintaining pelvis and spinal stability and as people age, their ability to
perform functional tasks declines, leading to stiff postures and stiff trunk muscles. functional pattern training is com
bining trunk components with upper, trunk and lower extremities that can enhance balance in the elderly population.
Methods: the study examined trunk and balance disturbances in elderly individuals aged 50-75 years, both male and
female. the research was conducted at sri ramachandra institute of higher education and research, faculty of physio
therapy opd, and outpatient departments of old age homes in chennai. 42 elderly subjects were recruited, categorized
into two groups: interventional and control. trunk stability was assessed using a trunk stability test.
Results: the study found significant results in both group 1 and group 2 for best outcome measures scores. the bestest
scores for functional pattern training and conventional balance training of elderly subjects were 68.00 in pre-test and
74.00 in post-test. the paired t test showed significant differences in functional pattern training compared to conven
tional balance training, except for stability limits and gait.
Conclusion: functional pattern training along with conventional balance training is effectively improves the trunk flex
ibility, stability and balance in elderly subjects and also reduce the fear of fall in future.

Effectiveness of Hypopressive Exercises Versus Swiss Ball Exercises on Postnatal Mothers with Low Back Pain

Soundarya M, Sandhiya M, P. Senthil Selvam — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Low Back Pain (LBP) is considered the most salient feature during the postpartum period. The incidence
of postpartum symptoms, particularly back pain, varies from woman to woman, with symptoms vanishing in over 60%
of women two days postpartum and as high as 82% at 18 months.
Aim of The Study: The study aims to find the effectiveness of Hypopressive and Swiss Ball exercises on postnatal mothers with Low Back Pain.
Methods: 14 mothers clinically pre-diagnosed with Low back pain were included in the study. Subjects were randomly
allocated. 14 mothers (between the age group of 25 – 35 years) were selected and divided into 2 groups with informed
consent; the protocol was explained to the subject. The experimental group (n=7) was given Hypopressive exercises
for 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks. This session lasted 30 to 40 minutes, and the control group (n=7) was given Swiss
ball exercises to perform for 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks.
Results: The study shows a significant value (p-value) for the Experimental Group & Control Group P<0.0001. The mean
value of the outcome measure VAS shows that Hypopressive exercises (experimental group = 2.66) are more effective
than Swiss ball exercises (control group = 2.09). The mean value of the outcome measure ODI shows that Hypopressive
exercises (intervention A = 4.67) are more effective than Swiss ball exercises (control group = 3.66).
Conclusion: This study concluded that both groups showed significant improvement, but group A (Hypopressive exercise) is more effective than group B (Swiss ball exercise)

Effectiveness of Intrinsic Muscle Exercises and Plantar Fascia Stretching on Pain and Functional Ability in Subjects with Chronic Plantar Fascitis

Vignesh S I, Ishwarya Vardhini C, Senthil Purushothaman — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Plantar fascitis is a degenerative irritation of the plantar fascia origin at the medial calcaneal tuberosity of
the heel and surrounding perifascial structures. The plantar fascia plays an important role in the normal biomechanics
of the foot and comprises three segments arising from the calcaneus. Common causes are excessive pronation, high-im
pact activities, improper footwear, tight calf muscles, obesity, and age. The most common plantar fascitis symptoms
include pain on the bottom of the foot, near the heel.
Methods: 30 patients with plantar fasciitis were selected for the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. All 30
patients received plantar fascia stretching exercises and intrinsic foot exercises for 3 days per week for 6 weeks. The
outcome measures were Pain intensity measured by VAS (Visual Analog Scale) and functional ability assessed by the
FADI (Foot and Ankle Disability Index).
Results: The results revealed differences in VAS ( p= 0.00 >0.05 at 95% Confidence Interval) and in improving Functional
Ability in FADI (p= 0.00 >0.05 at 95% Confidence Interval).
Conclusion: This study can conclude that combining Plantar fascia stretching exercises and Intrinsic foot exercises pos
itively improves pain and functional ability in individuals with Chronic Plantar Fascitis

Effectiveness of Isometric Exercises and Met on Cv Angle, Pain, Cervical Range of Motion on Forward Head Posture among University Students

T Muthu Raj, K C Gayathri, P Senthil , Mohamed Nainar , Alagappan Thiyagarajan — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Effectiveness of Jacobson’s Muscle Relaxation Technique and Deep Breathing Exercise on Stress among Physiotherapy Final Year Students

Sivamani M, K C Gayathri, P Senthil, Alagappan Thiyagarajan, Mohamed Nainar — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Effectiveness of Lateral Stepping Exercise and Retro Walking on Balance and Fall Risk among The Middle –Older Population

Manova M, K C Gayathri, P Senthil , Mohamed Nainar, L Haribabu — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Effectiveness of Mulligan Mobilization with Movement and Supervised Exercise Program Related to Supervised Exercise Program Alone for Female Homemakers With Subacute Lateral Epicondylitis

Chandrika M, Srishankar, Manoj Abraham — Fri, 04 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Lateral epicondylitis (le), or tennis elbow, is a painful condition characterised by pain at the lateral
epicondyle, aggravated by resisted muscle contraction of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB). The dominant arm is
commonly affected. The peak prevalence of lateral epicondylitis is between 30 and 60 years, and the disorder appears
to be of longer duration and severity in women. MWM is a manual therapy that includes a sustained lateral glide to
the elbow joint with concurrent physiological movement.
Methods: 20 female homemakers were selected in the age group between 30-60 years who have complaints of Sub
acute lateral epicondyle pain. They were given Mulligan MWM and a supervised exercise program for 12 sessions. Pain
and hand grip strength were assessed using a visual analogue scale and hand dynamometer.
Results: In VAS, the calculated independent t-test value is (4.88), the table ‘t’ is the value (2.101), and the p-value
is (p=0.0001) hand grip strength, the calculated independent t-test value is (3.555), the table ‘t’ is (2.101) p-value
(p=0.0023). Therefore, treatment given in the experimental group increases functional activities of the elbow joint
more effectively than in the control group.
Conclusion: This study concluded that mulligan MWM and supervised exercise programs would reduce pain and improve hand grip strength for homemakers with sub-acute lateral epicondylitis.

Effectiveness of Mulligan’s Spinal Mobilization With Leg Movement (Smwlm) and Specific Exercise Conditioning on the Clinical Outcome in Individuals with Lumbar Radiculopathy

Prathap R, Subbiah K — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: low back pain (lbp) is a common musculoskeletal problem affecting the general population and involve
ment of sciatic nerve is the common cause for leg pan dominance. mulligan suggested a spinal mobilization with leg
movement (smwlm) technique for the management of low back related leg pain.
Methods: around 60 participants were included in the study after receiving the informed consent and are divided into 3
groups. the leg pain intensity using visual analog scale (vas), numerical pain rating scale (nprs), disability using oswestry
disability index, abdominal core muscle strength, passive straight leg raise and lumbar range of motion (rom) were
measured before and after treatment. the group 1 received neural mobilisation, lumbar spine range of motion exercises
and electrotherapy for pain modulation. the group 2(smwlm) received spinal mobilisation with leg movement, neural
mobilization, lumbar spine range of motion exercises and electrotherapy for pain modulation. the group 3(smwlm+lum
bar rotational exercise) received spinal mobilisation with leg movement, neural mobilization, lumbar spine range of
motion exercises, core strengthening exercises and lumbar rotation exercise. the treatment was given to all the three
groups for 1 week, and the global rating of change (groc) scale was evaluated after 1st treatment and end of therapy.
Results: the statistically significant differences between the three groups were identified using paired t test and anova.
the findings reveal that smwlm with lumbar rotational strengthening group shows greater improvement in the post
treatment analysis. (p<0.01)
Conclusion: the smwlm with rotational exercise group have a greater improvement in terms of pain relief, range of
motion and disability.

Effectiveness of Neural Mobilization Technique and Low-Level Laser Therapy in Sub-Acute Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Patients

Akshaya M , K C Gayathri, P Senthil, L Haribabu, Mohamed Nainar — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) results from the compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel.CTS
represents the most prevalent neural injury in the general population (1-4%) and workers at risk (15-20%), and its prev
alence is 40-60 years. Neural mobilization Technique(NMT) is a manual therapy treatment that alters the physiological
properties of nerves. Its methods, especially the sliding technique, are likely beneficial for patients with CTS. Low-Level
Laser Therapy (LLLT) exerts analgesic effects on peripheral nerves due to specific inhibition of nociceptive activation.
Methods: A total of 30 subjects were selected for the study, obtaining informed consent, and the study duration is
3 weeks. All 30 subjects continuously received both neural mobilization technique and low-level laser therapy for 3
weeks. To determine the effect, the pre-and post-test interventions were compared based on the hand dynamometer,
BCTQ, and goniometer measures.
Results: Wrist ROM in flexion and extension showed substantial increases, with median flexion improving from 61.00 to
66.50 degrees and extension from 45.00 to 49.00 degrees. BCTQ significantly enhanced, with the median SSS decreasing
from 30.00 to 26.00 and the FSS from 21.00 to 17.00. Additionally, grip strength increased dramatically from a median
of 8.00 kg to 11.00 kg. These changes were statistically significant, with all p-values being < 0.001.
Conclusion: The neural mobilization technique and LLLT substantially improved grip strength, ROM, and functional status

Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Exercise on Muscle Strength and Functional Ability among Chronic Anterior Shoulder Instability

Lavanya B, Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Senthil Purushothaman — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background of the study: The dislocation of the humeral head from the glenoid is known as shoulder instability. Atrau
matic shoulder instability (ASI) is defined as aberrant humeral movement or posture in the glenoid fossa that, without
a history of severe prior injury, results in recurring discomfort, subluxations, dislocations, and functional impairment.
Proprioception is essential to sensorimotor control, especially within the shoulder complex, as joint stability is crucial
for movement.
Methods: The setting is Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute. This study includes those between the ages of 18
and 39 years with trauma-initiated, unidirectional anterior shoulder instability, Primary or recurrent ASDs, self-reported
decreased shoulder movements, and instability in grades 2 and 3. This study excludes humerus head fractures or bony
Bankart lesions, prior surgery in the affected shoulder joint, and more than 5 ASDs in the patient’s lifetime.
Results: Based on the analysis, pre-and post-test scores across four outcome measures (WOSI, AMS, ERMS, IRMS)
showed significant differences between Group A and Group B in terms of reduction in WOSI scores and improvements
in AMS, ERMS, and IRMS scores from pre-test to post-test. This denotes that neuromuscular exercise has significantly
improved muscle strength and functional ability in people with chronic anterior shoulder instability.
Conclusion: The study concludes that neuromuscular exercise improves muscle strength and functional ability in chronic
shoulder patients.

Effectiveness of Oropharyngeal Exercise and Side-Lying Position on Snoring and Daytime Sleepiness _ An Experimental Study

K Vaishnavi, S Sujitha — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background of the study: Breathing disorders connected to sleep are most commonly associated with obstructive sleep
apnea (OSA). It is characterized by recurrent upper airway collapses during sleep and can produce obstructive apneas,
hypopneas, and arousals related to respiratory effort. The majority of people with OSA are older men (30-69 years),
although it can also afflict women and young children.
Methods: The study design is experimental, and we recruited 30 participants. The sample type is simple random
sampling. The study setting is Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute. Eligibility criteria for the study were men
and women aged between 30 to 60yr old; daytime sleepiness, snoring, obesity, neck circumference, smoking, upper
airway obstruction, postpartum women, neurologic disease, and uncontrolled blood pressure were excluded. Based
on inclusion criteria, divided into an experimental group and a control group. In the experimental group, the subjects
were asked to perform the oropharyngeal exercise and side-lying position for 15 days.
Result: There is a significant decrease in ESS score from the pre-test to the post-test, with a Z-value of -3.42 (p=0.001
<0.05), indicating that the ESS score is reduced significantly. There is a significant decrease in SSS score from the pre
test) to post-test, with a Z-value of -3.45 (p=0.001<0.05), indicating that the SSS score is reduced significantly from
pre- to post-test due to Oropharyngeal exercise and side-lying position.
Conclusion: This study’s conclusion shows a statistically significant improvement in snoring and daytime sleepiness who
received oropharyngeal exercise along with a side-lying position.

Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Strengthening along with Ankle Dorsiflexion for Stress Urinary Incontinence

Juline Joannah N, S Sujitha — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Stress urinary incontinence is characterized by an involuntary leak of urine upon effort or physical exertion.PFM weakness brought on by pelvic floor damage can result in faecal and urinary incontinence. To activate PFMs, ankle dorsiflexion was the better posture. Ankle dorsiflexion has no direct connection to the pelvic floor, and it is believed to cause anterior pelvic tilting and enhance pelvic floor muscle activation.
Methods: A total of 30 subjects who met the inclusion and Exclusion criteria were selected randomly and assigned into
two groups after obtaining informed consent. The treatment group was given PFM strengthening along with ankle dor
siflexion, and the control group was advised to practice Kegels exercise for a 10-week treatment course. The outcome
measures, including UDI-6 for assessing the severity of SUI and pelvic floor muscle strength using digital palpation and
grading, were done with the help of the Modified Oxford Grading system pretest and post-test evaluation between
the groups.
Results: There is a significant difference between the two treatments regarding reducing the SUI severity (t = -5.45, p =
0.000 > 0.05). The two treatments substantially differ in improving pelvic floor muscle strength (t = 4.74, p = 0.000 > 0.05).
The treatment group showed a greater reduction in UDI-6 scores and a larger improvement in MOG scores compared
to the control group. Both groups experienced improvements, but the treatment group showed a greater reduction.
Conclusion: Pelvic floor muscle strengthening, along with ankle dorsiflexion, is an effective treatment.

Effectiveness of Pilates Along with Tai Chi on Sleep Quality, Bone Density, and Qol in Post- Menopausal Women

V Thrisha, K C Gayathri, P Senthil, L Haribabu, Mohamed Nainar — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Women who have gone through menopause are more likely than younger women to experience sleep
issues. There exists a correlation between mood problems and menopausal state. Stronger signs of bone density in
women at higher risk. Between 50 and 59 years old, 49.9% of women are postmenopausal. Pilates movements empha
size strengthening the core muscles improving mental awareness and flexibility. Tai chi is an internal martial technique
practiced in China and a type of physical exercise. It can be referred to as a mind-body or cognitive-motor workout. It
encourages mental focus, relaxation, and well-being.
Methods: Pilates and Tai Chi exercise intervention was given for 6 weeks to the women who achieved natural meno
pause and were included in the study (n=50). They were assessed for sleep, bone density and QOL before and after
the intervention.
Results: When comparing the Bone Density Score, the t value is 5.64 at P < 0.001. The t-value for Sleep is 37.53. In
QOL (Physical Domain, Psychological Domain, Social Relationship, Environment) t value shows -46.77, -39.99, -34.41
& -35.79, respectively, when P is less than 0.001. Overall, there has been improvement when comparing the post-test
numbers to the pre-test.
Conclusion: The study concluded that Pilates and Tai Chi programs on sleep quality, bone density, and quality of life
showed significant improvements in post-menopausal women.

Effectiveness of Pursed Lip Breathing Over Deep Diaphragmatic Breathing among Subjects with Grade 1 Hypertension – An Experimental Study

Baibhab Ranjan Lenka, Ishwarya Vardhini C , Senthil Purushothaman — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Effectiveness of Strategy-Specific Balance Training with Sensory Feedback in Diabetic Neuropathy Patients

M Thenmozhi, A Rajarajeswari — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy causes illness, pain, and sensory loss, mainly in the lower limbs. It affects 50% of
diabetic patients and causes functional imbalance. Impaired foot sensation, proprioception, and joint position percep
tion contribute to imbalance in chronic neuropathic patients, causing postural instability and reduced balance. Balance
disorders affect 16% of diabetics and worsen with disease severity. Addressing imbalance is crucial for individuals with
DPN, impacting reflexes, coordination, and gait control.
Methods: A study on 30 subjects aged 30-60 examined balance disturbances and fall risk. It was conducted at Sri Ra
machandra Institute, Department of Endocrinology, and old age homes in Chennai. Subjects were divided into inter
vention (n=15) and control groups (n=15) based on inclusion criteria. A DNS score of 1+ was included in the mini-best
outcome measures assessment.
Results: Statistical significance was found in both groups (p<0.001) using strategy-specific balance and conventional
training. The post-test score increased from 15.3 to 19.4, showing significant differences between the groups.
Conclusion: Strategy-specific Balance Training and Conventional exercise are efficacious in improving balance and re
ducing the risk of falls in Diabetic Neuropathy patients.

Effectiveness of Tibial Internal and External Rotation Taping (Rigid) Along aith Vmo Strengthening for Pain and Functionality in Patients with Patellafemoral Pain Syndrome

Dhinachandran m s, Sri Shankar, Manoj Abraham — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) which is often used interchangeably with “anterior knee pain” or
“runner’s knee” is the activities that load the patellofemoral joint. Thus, Tibial internal and external rotation Taping
(rigid) along with vmo strengthening and this study provides an approach of evaluating them.
Methods: 30 subjects diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral PFPS were randomly selected and allocated into two groups – Control group (VMO muscle strengthening. and conventional physiotherapy treatment) and experimental group (tibial
internal external rotation Taping (rigid) and VMO Strengthening . Both groups received four treatment sessions per
week for 6 weeks. Pre and post pain and function were measured by VAS and KPS respectively.
Results: the p value is less than 0.0001 for both outcomes, experimental group has more benifitial to patients.Tape
direction effect, where external rotation taping was more effective than internal rotation taping. For each test, the
amount of pain improvement after taping and vmo Strengthening was positively correlated with initial pain level.
Conclusion: Both internal rotation Taping and external rotation Taping were effective in Reducing pain in individuals
with PFPS and ERT was More effective than IRT..The significant correlations observed between initial pain levels and
pain improvement after Taping suggest that those with greater PFP achieve greater relief from tibial rotation.

Effectiveness of Treadmill Walking and Ke-gels Exercise on Quality of Life and Sleep Quality among Young Women with Primary Dysmenorrhea

Thrisha S C, P Senthil — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background of the study: The study delves into the effects of treadmill walking and Kegel exercises on the quality of
life and sleep patterns of young women grappling with primary dysmenorrhea, a condition characterized by painful
menstrual cramps absent any underlying medical cause. Given its prevalence in India, where up to 90% of adolescent
girls and young women experience some degree of menstrual discomfort, the research is vital. It aims to explore
non-pharmacological approaches to mitigate symptoms and improve the overall well-being of this demographic.
Methodology: A total of 40 subjects were selected for the study according to the selection criteria. Then the subjects
were assessed and randomized into 2 groups such as control group(n=20) and experimental group(n=20). Control group
was not given any intervention for 8 weeks whereas the experimental group was given Treadmill Walking and Kegels
exercise for 3 days per week for 8 weeks. The study parameters include HRQL test and PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY
INDEX for health related quality of life and sleep quality of dysmenorrhea women pre-test and post-test comparison
done between the groups.
Results: The analysis revealed significant differences between the two groups regarding improvements in quality of
life and reduction in sleep disturbances. In the experimental group (Group B), participants demonstrated a notably
higher mean rank (27.70) for HRQOL_DIFF compared to the controlled group (Group A) with a mean rank of 13.30 (z = -3.93, p < 0.001). Conversely, for the PITTSBURGH_DIFF variable, the controlled group (Group A) exhibited a substantially higher mean rank (30.50) than the experimental group (Group B) with a mean rank of 10.50 (z = -5.52, p < 0.001).
These findings suggest that treadmill walking and Kegel exercises significantly improve quality of life and reduce sleep
disturbances among young women with primary dysmenorrhea.
Conclusion: It is concluded that treadmill walking and Kegels exercise was significant in improving HRQL and Sleep
quality among young women with primary dysmenorrhea.

Effectiveness of Zumba and Resistance Training on Anthropometric Standardization and Bioimpedance Analysis in Overweight Young Women

Afila Shafrin, Senthil Purushothaman — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background of the study: Overweight is a universal disorder due to lifestyle modifications and improper food habits.
According to WHO the prevalence of overweight is 39% of adults aged 18 years and over. According to WHO, Overweight
is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. The body mass index (BMI) over 25
is considered overweight and above 30 is obese.
Methodology: Group of 30 participants aged 18 to 25 who are overweight were chosen. participants into groups A and
B (control group and experimental group). Group A was given walking and Group B was given Zumba and resistance
training. Pre-tests were conducted using BIA and anthropometric standardization.
Results: The Mann-Whitney U test results confirm significant differences between Group A and Group B in the re
duction of arm, chest, abdomen, and thigh sizes from pre- to post-test. The mean ranks for each outcome measure
consistently indicate that Group B had significantly greater reductions compared to Group A, supporting the rejection
of the null hypothesis (H0). The experimental intervention led to more substantial improvements in anthropometric
measurements and body fat percentage.
Conclusion: We conclude Group B is effective in Anthropometric Standardization and BIA in Overweight Young Women.

Effects of A Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Based on Kellgren-Lawrence Grading for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review

Nishitha K, Anitha A — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: The degeneration of cartilage in the knee joint results in osteoarthritis. The pulsed electromagnetic field
(PEMF) is a novel approach to controlling inflammation, which may greatly impact tissue regeneration. This study
aims to determine the efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) in treating osteoarthritis (OA) using the Kell
gren-Lawrence grading system.
Methods: The systematic review, which was conducted using computerised searches from the following 4 databases:
Google Scholar, PubMed and Web of Science, Medline inception from 2014-2024 were searched for randomised con
trolled trials involving patients with osteoarthritis receiving PEMF therapy in this systematic review, which adhered to
PRISMA criteria. Based on the inclusion criteria, 12 random controlled group trials from 217 articles were retrieved.
Results: In the total of 7 studies, 5 research studies state that the PEMF was effective in managing pain, stiffness, and
physical functioning, and 2 studies state that the PEMF was also effective in post-TKR participants. PEMF treatment
showed promise and, most notably, outcome in treating osteoarthritis in the knee. VAS and WOMAC scores for pain
reduction indicated a notable improvement.
Conclusion: Pulsed electromagnetic field-based therapies show promise for knee osteoarthritis regarding pain man
agement, stiffness reduction, and functional restoration. TKR rehabilitation with PEMF benefits knee recovery, even
though physiotherapy management does not support the evidence for a grade 4 Kellgren Lawrence grading. However,
for chondrocytes and cartilage regeneration, more high-quality research is needed, as well as comparison trials with
evidence of clinical effects.

Effects of E-media Supported Exercise-Based Phase Ii Cardiac Rehabilitation in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery Patients: A Randomized Control Trial

Manoj Kumar R, T Senthil Kumar — Fri, 04 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) involves narrowing blood vessels supplying heart muscles. Coronary artery
bypass grafting (CABG) is a common surgery for treating CAD, involving bypassing blocked arteries with harvested veins
or arteries.
Methods: 40 subjects were included in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects were
then randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The control group received routine care, including
pre-discharge counselling and follow-up as needed/reference. The experimental group received e-media-supported
exercise using Videos posted on WhatsApp Channel and through Video calls using Google Meet. The Duration of the
Intervention was 3 months.
Results: Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 22.0. After 3 months of intervention, the mean distance covered
during the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) showed a significant increase in both the control and experimental groups.
Specifically, the control group’s mean distance improved from 265.25 ± 11.86 meters to 323.25 ± 16.56 meters, while
the experimental group’s mean distance increased from 264 ± 12.2 meters to 500.5 ± 20.38 meters. The experimental
group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Furthermore,
the experimental group showed significant improvements in the RPE, WHOQOL-BREF, and GPAQ scores compared to
the control group, with all p-values < 0.001. The confidence interval for the study was set at 95%, and the significance
level was determined at p = 0.05.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that e-media-supported rehabilitation can effectively overcome barriers to participation in rehabilitation and provide exercise adherence, offering an alternative for post-surgery cardiac care.

Effects of Low Intensity Laser Therapy with Deep Friction Massage in Individuals with Lateral Elbow Pain

Yuvashree D S, Subbiah K — Thu, 03 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Lateral epicondylitis (le), commonly referred to as tennis elbow and/or lateral elbow tendinopathy, is
one of the most common lesions of the arm. low-intensity laser therapy (lilt) has exhibited contradictory results when
used for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. hence this study aims to determine the effect of combined treatment
in participants with lateral epicondylitis.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in patients with lateral epicondylitis from patient attending
physiotherapy opd in sri ramachandra hospital. a total of 44 individuals with unilateral lateral epicondylitis of both the
gender, aged between 25 to 60 years are recruited for the study after obtaining the informed consent. the individuals
were selected based on the inclusion and the exclusion criteria among patients with unilateral lateral epicondylitis.
before treatment, pain intensity, grip strength, and disability was assessed using the outcome measures, numeric pain
rating scale (nprs), handheld dynamometer, prtee(pain rated tennis elbow evaluation) quesstionnaire. experimental
group received low intensity laser therapy and deep friction massage whereas control group received therapeutic
ultrasound and conventional exercises. the post test of the outcomes are measured. the treatment was given to both
the groups for 1 week.
Results: Statistical analysis reveals that there is greater significant difference in prtee-questionnaire (p<0.0001) and
minimal significant difference in numeric pain rating scale (nprs) and grip strength.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this study enables the individuals to know more about the combined effects of low intensity
laser therapy and deep friction massage in individuals with lateral elbow pain.

Effects of Low Level Laser Therapy on Wound Healing in Obese Abdominal Surgery

Syed Shanaz Fathima, Sridevi — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: obesity is defined as excess adipose fat in the body. (ad-mscs) are a type of mesenchymal cells, present
in adipose tissue which is responsible for wound healing and regeneration by replacing dermal compartments. the
adsc is affected by obesity.
Methods: this study is a randomized control trial (rct) with a sample size of 30, experimental (n=15) and control (n=15).
the participants are collected from sri ramachandra hospital, chennai, tamil nadu. both the groups were recruited on
the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and measured for their baseline data, vas (for pain) and photographs of
surgical scar on day 1 and at the day of discharge which were assessed for surgical scar closure using autocad2024. the
experimental group received low level laser therapy at wavelength of 655nm and power of 3w/cm2 from postoperative
day 1 till the day of discharge, three sessions, on every alternate day.
Results: the collected data was tabulated and analyzed using jasp software. demographic data such as age, gender and
bmi were calculated and their mean and standard deviation were computed. comparison between groups were done
for outcome measures on session one of laser therapy and at the time of discharge were done using paired t-test.
the result showed statistically significant changes in surgical scar closure (p value- 0.002) in experimental group but
no statistical significance in the control group (p value- 0.239). the result also showed statistical significance in vas of
experimental group (p value- <0.001) and in control group (p value- 0.002).
Conclusion: the result shows that although both the groups have mild pain at the time of discharge, the experimental
group had further reduction in pain than the control group. furthermore, surgical scar reduction is evident in the ex
perimental group but not in the control group.

Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy with Deep Friction Massage on Pain, Range of Motion and Functional Activities in Individuals with Adhesive Capsulitis

Kokila K, Hepisibah Rubella D — Thu, 03 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: The condition known as “frozen shoulder,” commonly referred to as “adhesive capsulitis. it is an inflammatory
condition characterized by shoulder stiffness, pain, and significant loss of passive range of motion.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in patients with adhesive capsulitis. individuals with adhesive
capsulitis of both genders of age between 30 to 60 years was recruited for the study. the participants were divided into
two groups, experimental and control group. pre-test assessment on pain, range of motion and functional activity was
taken. experimental group received low level laser therapy and deep friction massage whereas control group received
therapeutic ultrasound and conventional exercises for four weeks on alternate days. according to walt recommendations
for 808nm, minimum area/points used was 2-4, minimum 8 joules per point, was considered as a dosage protocol. the
post test of the outcomes were measured and the statistical significant difference was analyzed between both the groups.
Results: The study was conducted with 20 participants in experimental group and 20 participants in control group,
on performing parametric test the relationship between nprs for pre and post intervention is statistically significant
(p <0.0001). the relationship between spadi for pre and post intervention is statistically significant (p<0.0001). the
relationship between abduction rom for pre and post intervention is statistically significant (p <0.0001). the relationship
between external rom for pre and post intervention is statistically significant (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: This study found that low-level laser therapy with deep friction massage has potential benefits in treating
patients with adhesive capsulitis.

Effects of Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Improving Hamstring Muscle Flexibility and Sprint Capacity among Collegiate Football Players

Ajay raj B M, Surya Prakash, Manoj Abraham — Fri, 04 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Football is the most popular sport; around the world, 211 national associations are members of the
International Federation of Football Association (FIFA). The number of football players has increased drastically. As a
result, the number of injuries has also increased, and hamstring injuries are common in football due to the nature of
the game.
Methods: The study was designed as a quasi-experimental study. A total of 30 participants who are collegiate football
players were selected for this study, and they were divided into two groups by lottery method; the control group received
conventional hamstring exercises with general warm-up & cool-down exercises; the experimental group received
Nordic hamstring exercises and conventional hamstring exercises with a general warm-up and cool-down exercises.
Both groups underwent training for 5 weeks. They were assessed before and after the training using the v-sit and reach
test and repeated sprint ability test to measure their flexibility and sprint capacity.
Result: There was a significant difference in outcome measure between the conventional hamstring exercise and
conventional hamstring exercise with Nordic hamstring exercise after intervention v-sit and reached the level 0.05%
and considerable difference in rsat at 0.05%. However, traditional hamstring exercise with a Nordic hamstring shows
more hamstring flexibility and sprint capacity improvement.
Conclusion: Nordic hamstring exercise protocol in regular practice sessions may effectively improve hamstring flexibility
and sprint capacity among collegiate football players.

Effects of Oral Motor Therapy on Feeding and Swallowing Skills in Children with Cerebral Palsy

Yogesh S , Manoj Abraham Manoharlal — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Cerebral palsy describes a group of permanent disorders of movement and posture, causing activity limitations that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances in the developing fetal or immature brain. The majority of children with cerebral palsy have feeding difficulties and gastrointestinal problems, such as oropharyngeal dysfunction, gastroesophageal disease, and constipation. Oral motor therapy in CP aims to improve feeding and swallowing skills. The objective is to determine the effect of oral motor therapy on feeding and swallowing skills in children with cerebral palsy.

Methods : This was an experimental study in which 10 CP subjects were divided into 2 groups. Experimental Group (A) received Oral motor therapy and conventional physiotherapy, and Control Group (B) received Conventional physio therapy alone. Treatment duration was 12 weeks, 3 times a week, and 1 hour per session. Outcome measures were the Oral motor assessment scale and the Behavioral paediatrics feeding assessment scale.

Results: Experimental Group (A) Oral motor assessment scale post value 17 and Control Group Oral motor assessment scale post value 11.40, Experimental Group (A) Behavioural paediatrics feeding assessment scale post value 147.80 and Control Group B Behavioural paediatrics feeding assessment scale post value 152.20. Significant improvement was observed in Experimental Group A.

Conclusion: This study concluded that Oral motor therapy and conventional physiotherapy are better management options for improving feeding and swallowing skills in subjects with cerebral palsy.

Effects of Prehabilitation in Abdominal Surgeries to Prevent Postoperative Complication

J Komisharajam, N Venkatesh — Fri, 04 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) are common following abdominal surgery, and these
complications vary based on the type of abdominal surgery, the patient’s overall health, and the surgical technique used.
Pulmonary complications are caused by postoperative pathophysiological reduction in lung volumes, respiratory muscle
function, mucociliary clearance, and pain inhibition of respiratory muscles. Prehabilitation is a proactive approach to
preparing and strengthening the body before the procedure, which aims to enhance postoperative recovery, reduce
complications, and improve overall outcomes.
Methods: In this study, 80 participants were assigned based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, randomized by computerised block randomization with assessor blinding. The intervention group will receive prehabilitation 6-8 sessions, including inspiratory muscle training, muscle strengthening, and mobilisation. The control group will receive a single education session and a pre-rehabilitation booklet. The outcome measures used are the Melbourne scale to measure pulmonary complications and the 6-minute walk test to measure functional capacity, which measures the quality of life.
Results: The collected data was tabulated and analysed using the software jasp. The results showed that there were
statistically significant changes in postoperative pulmonary complication (p-value – 0.018) and functional capacity
(p-value - <0.001) in the experimental group, and there were no statistically significant changes in length of stay and
quality of life.
Conclusion: The above results show that prehabilitation reduces postoperative pulmonary complications and improves
functional capacity. However, there is not much difference in the length of hospital stay and quality of life due to removal
of drain, wound infection and physical activity.

Effects of Proprioceptive Exercises and Plyometric Exercises for Flatfoot Associated with Pain

Thaheera D, Kotteeswaran K — Thu, 03 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Flatfoot is a common foot deformity, causing the medial longitudinal section of the foot to come closer
to or touches the ground. A decrease in the medial longitudinal arch results in flatfoot.
Methods: A total of 20 young adults, both male and female with flatfoot has been recruited for the study. Screening tests
were carried out, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria the participants were divided into proprioceptive exercises
group (n = 10) and plyometric exercises group (n = 10) groups. These groups receive training for 4 days a week for 4
weeks with 3 sets of 10 reps. The standing stork test is used to assess the proprioception and Numerical pain rating
scale is used to assess the pain.
Result: The post-test mean±SD values of proprioceptive exercises with ultrasound on pain and proprioception were
found to be (1.60±0.70) and (22.30±1.88) which is higher than the post-test mean±SD values of plyometric exercises of
pain and proprioception (6.30±0.67) and (14.40±2.07). The p-value of <0.0001 shows that the findings are statistically
significant.
Conclusion: The study concludes that proprioceptive exercises group shows a promising effect in reducing the pain and
increasing the proprioception than the plyometric exercises group in participants with flatfoot

Effects of Rigid Tapind and Posture Correction Exercises in Subjects with Forward Head Posture

Laxmi Priya S, Hepzibah Rubella D — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: forward head posture is present in nearly every demographic but to varied degrees of severity. there
has been evidence of upper cervical spine hyperextension linked to a reduction in the length of the cervical muscles.
aliaa elabd et al. concluded that kinesio taping is more effective at combining posture correction exercises. this study
investigates the efficiency of posture correction exercises and rigid taping.
Methods: a total of 50 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria are included in the study after obtaining informed
consent to participate. each subject underwent detailed history collection and screening the baseline measurement
of cranio-vertebral angle and ndi scores are recorded and compared following intervention of 4 weeks. the analysis is
done using a t-test between the groups and within the groups.
Results: the results obtained have shows significant improvement in cv angle and ndi scores in both the experimental
group and control group. experimental group ndi (p<0.01), control group ndi (p<0.01), control group cv angle (p<0.01),
experimental group cvangle (p<0.01).
Conclusion: kinesio taping and posture correction exercises have been effective for correcting forward head posture.
this study has demonstrated the combination of rigid tape with posture correction exercises in subjects with forward
head posture and has shown significant changes in the posture of the individuals with forward head posture.

Effects of Rigid Taping and Posture Correction Exercises in Individuals with Forward Head Posture

Laxmi Priya S — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Forward head posture seemed to be an alarming factor affecting 85.5% which is present in almost every
demographic but to varied degrees of severity. there has been evidence that upper cervical spine hyperextension is
linked in reduction of length of the cervical muscles. aliaa elabd et al. in 2020 concluded that kinesio taping is more
effective when combined with posture correction exercises. this study as investigated both the efficacies of posture
correction exercises and rigid taping.
Methods: A total of 50 subjects who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study after obtaining the informed
consent. each subject underwent detailed history collection and screening with the baseline measurement of cranio
vertebral angle and ndi scores. pre & post data recorded and compared following 4 weeks of intervention. the analysis
was done using t-test between the groups and within the groups.
Results : The results obtained have shown significant improvement in cv angle and ndi scores in both the experimental
group and control group. the results obtained in the experimental group for the outcome measure ndi is (p<0.01),
mean=9.1±2.0, similarly for the same outcome measure in the control group is (p<0.01), mean=8.7±1.2, another
outcome measure which is the cranio-certebral angle obtained using kinovea software analysis for control group result
is (p<0.01),mean=44.8± 3.7 and, similarly the experimental group cvangle result is (p<0.01), mean=47.6± 3.7
Conclusion: It is a known fact that kinesio taping and posture correction exercises have been effective for correcting
forward head posture; we have combined both the techniques for individuals with forward head posture and has shown
significant changes in the posture alignment for individuals with forward head posture.

Effects of Tele-Based Exercise Training on Postmenopausal Symptoms-Literature Review

Devi Jayalakshmi S J, B Sathya Prabha — Thu, 03 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Menopausal symptoms are associated with deterioration in physical, mental, and sexual health, lowering
women’s quality of life. this review focus on effects of various tele-rehabilitation exercise program conducted among
postmenopausal women.
Methods: Systematic reviews and randomized control trial studies, published in english were searched and analyzed
with last 10 years articles in electronic databases like pubmed, google scholar, and cochrane.mesh words used were
exercise training, home-based program, postmenopausal women, post-menopausal symptoms, telerehabilitation. three
independent reviewers selected the retrieved reference and extracted relevant data from studies that included the
home-based exercise programme on postmenopausal women , finally 8 articles were included for review.
Results: Out of 8 articles , 7 were rct & 1 systematic reviews. various focused on aerobics, pilates, yoga, mindfulness,
flexibility training, and resistance training on postmenopausal symptoms from the period of 2014 till date were analysed.
most of the trials followed 8-12 weeks exercise regimens.menopausal symptoms and quality of life were assessed
using menqol,mrs scale and qol questionnaires . exercise training had improved metabolic balance, insulin resistance
and prevention of cardiac diseases in perimenopausal health.
Conclusion: Home-based telerehabilitation has a positive impact on exercise adherence, better follow up , and time
management in postmenopausal women. yet more exploration on home based versus supervised session suggested.

Efficacy of Buerger-Allen Exercise with Micro current Therapy on Promoting Wound Healing in Individuals with Diabetic Foot Ulceration

Menisha A, Kamalakannan M — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus will increasingly contribute to the years of life and disability worldwide. Diabetes mel
litus is a clinical condition characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production or utilization.
Buerger-Allen exercise is an active postural exercise that promotes lower extremity perfusion (LEP), promoting wound
healing and neuropathy symptoms. Microcurrent therapy is the application of microamperage electrical stimulation,
which beneficially encourages wound healing. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the microcurrent therapy
with Buerger-Allen exercise in wound healing and quality of life among patients with diabetic foot ulcers.
Methods: A Sample of 20 was selected. The participants were recruited from Saveetha Hospital. Baseline measurements
were taken before randomly assigning participants to the treatment groups. The intervention group (n=10) was given
Buerger-Allen exercise with Microcurrent therapy for 4 days a week for 4 weeks, 20-30 minutes per session, while the
control group(n=10) had a conventional intervention for 4 days a week for 4 weeks. Pre-test and post-test data were
collected from subjects with diabetic foot ulcers, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and analysed.
Results: The subjects underwent the prescribed intervention, and the data collected were analyzed statistically for pre
and post-values of Acetate Tracing. The treatment resulted in a more significant change than would be predicted by
chance. The difference is statistically significant (P<0.0001).
Conclusion: The Buerger-Allen exercise with microcurrent therapy significantly improved peripheral blood circulation
by promoting wound healing, thus increasing the Acetate Tracing score, which was higher than the control group.

Efficacy of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Combined with Cryostretch for the Treatment of Hamstring Tendinopathy

Siyam ganesh S, Anitha — Thu, 03 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Hamstring tendinopathy, a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder characterized by pain and dysfunction in the hamstring tendons, commonly affects athletes and individuals engaged in physical activities, stemming from repetitive overuse or sudden excessive strain. hamstring tendinopathy among athletes can range from 8% to 25%, depending on the sport and level of competition.
Methods: A sample of 20 subjects with hamstring tendinopathy were selected for the study. based on the inclusion
and exclusion criteria the participants were randomly allocated into cryostretch group(n=10) and conventional group
(n=10). the cryostretch groups receive eswt along with 15 minutes of cryotherapy (using ice packs) followed by 15
minutes of static stretching targeting the hamstring muscles. the conventional group will receive eswt along with
static stretching targeting the hamstring muscles. the visual analog scale (vas) is used to assess the pain reduction and
hamstring outcome score (hos) is used to assess the functional improvement.
Results: Both the groups showed significant pain reduction and functional improvement. the cryostretch group difference is statistically significant (p=0.05) when compared to conventional group.
Conclusion: Combining eswt with cryostretch presents a promising approach for managing hamstring tendinopathy,
offering superior pain relief, functional enhancement when compared conventional group.

Efficacy of Jump Training along with Hip Posterolateral Musculature Strengthening Exercises in Football Players on Improving Anterior Knee Pain and Landing Mechanics-A Pilot Study

Praveenkumar R, Kamalakannan M — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: The movement pattern consisting of the simultaneous movements of adduction and internal rotation of
the hip, abduction of the knee, external rotation of the tibia, and eversion of the ankle joint with pronation of the feet
is called the dynamic valgus knee. This pilot study investigates and evaluates the effectiveness of a combined treatment
approach involving jump training and Hip Posterolateral Musculature Strengthening exercises in improving football
players’ anterior knee pain and landing mechanics.
Methods: A sample of 30 subjects with anterior knee pain and improper landing mechanics was selected through simple
random sampling for this study. The participants were recruited from the Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical
Sciences.
Results: The drop jump knee valgus angle in Group A was, on average, reduced by 4.3 degrees and in Group B, the
reduced value was 6.5 degrees (p<0.0001). The post-treatment mean kujala scale value for Group A was 77.33 units,
whereas Group B had a mean value of 61.33 units. These findings indicate a significant difference in outcome measures
between the two groups.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the combined treatment approach of jump training and hip posterior muscle
strengthening exercises is an effective intervention for improving pain and landing mechanics in these individuals. The
specific benefits of this approach include pain relief and improved functional limitations associated with football players.

Efficacy of Lower Extremity Neuromuscular Exercises on Balance and Functional Level among Osteoarthritis Knee

M Kaviyarasi, Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian , Senthil Purushothaman — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background of the study: Degenerative joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis, cause the joint’s tissues to deteriorate
over time. Joint discomfort and temporary stiffness following inactivity or rest are common symptoms of osteoarthritis
in people. Fewer literature articles about neuromuscular exercise were found. If validated, this easy-to-do activity will
be recommended as a home workout for osteoarthritis.
Methods: After obtaining informed consent, 50 subjects were selected for the study. Based on their inclusion and
exclusion criteria, the subjects are between 40 and 50. A pre-test first evaluates the individuals. After 6 weeks of the
neuromuscular exercise program, post-test values will be taken for the patients with knee osteoarthritis. The study
parameters include the KOOS scale for functional ability and SEBT for balance, and the pre-test and post-test compar
ison was done after 6 weeks of exercise.
Results: Both pre-test and post-test measures will be analyzed statistically using a t-test to test the effectiveness of each
technique. On comparing the mean values of the Pre-test, KOOS is 0.9310. Post-test KOOS is 0.3774, the Mean value for
Pre-test anterior SEBT is 25.2322, and for Post-test anterior SEBT is 31.4302, the Mean value for Pre-test anterolateral
SEBT is 21.1714. For the post-test, the anterolateral SEBT is 23.3976, the mean value for the pre-test lateral SEBT is
20.1184, and for the post-test, the lateral SEBT is 25.1406.
Conclusion: The treatments were effective in both function and balance. When functional ability was measured, balance
improved more

Efficacy of Stabilization Exercises on Swiss Ball Vs. Mckenzie Exercises In Mechanical Low Back Pain Patients

Dhanalakshmi — Thu, 03 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Mechanical low back pain (MLBP) is a prevalent condition stemming from various spinal and soft tissue
sources, significantly impacting individuals’ functionality and quality of life. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of stabilization exercises on a Swiss ball versus McKenzie exercises in reducing pain and improving functional disability among MLBP patients.
Methods:This quasi-experimental study spanned six months, involving a six-week treatment regimen. Thirty MLBP
patients meeting selection criteria were divided into two groups: one receiving stabilization exercises on a Swiss ball
and the other McKenzie exercises. Pre- and post-tests assessed pain using the visual analog scale (VAS) and functional
disability using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).
Results:Analysis of pre- and post-test data revealed significant improvement in functional ability and pain reduction
in patients trained with stabilization exercises on a Swiss ball. The mean differences in VAS and ODI scores showed
notable improvements, with ‘t’ values of 5.74 and 6.22, respectively.
Conclusion:The findings indicate that stabilization exercises on a Swiss ball are effective in reducing pain and improving
functional disability in MLBP patients.

Efficiency of Somatosensory Training with Vastus Medialis Obliques Strengthening for Pain, Proprioception, and Balance in Working Women with Knee Osteoarthritis

Nevatha S, K Kotteeswaran — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Osteoarthrosis is a degenerative joint disease as it is the most common form of disorder of the synovial
joint. Early atrophy of the vastus medialis oblique indicates general quadriceps weakness. Impairments of balance
are recognized in patients with knee OA. It has been suggested that enhancing sensorimotor function can improve
functional performance in patients with knee injury and slow its progression. Sensorimotor training is a special form of
proprioceptive and balance exercise designed to manage patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain syndromes. The
study aims to evaluate the impact of somatosensory training with VMO strengthening on pain, proprioception, and
balance in working women with knee osteoarthritis.
Methods: A sample of 10 subjects working with women with knee osteoarthritis was selected through simple random
sampling for the study. The participants were recruited from Saveetha Hospital.
Results: The subjects underwent the prescribed intervention, and the data collected were analyzed statistically for
pre- and post-values of the visual analogue scale and the Berg balance scale. The treatment resulted in a bigger change
than would be predicted by chance. The difference is statistically significant (P= <0.0001).
Conclusion: The present study shows the effectiveness of somatosensory training with VMO strengthening on pain,
proprioception, and balance in working women with knee osteoarthritis. The results support the idea that the condition’s symptoms have been reduced.

Exercise in Diastasis Recti During Pregnancy-A Scoping Review

Pooja J, Ponmathi P — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: diastasis recti is an increased distance between the rectus abdominis muscle. all pregnant women expe
rience diastasis recti, a separation in the abdomen that occurs when the tissue between the rectus abdominis muscles
stretches at the central vertical line. pregnancy puts a lot of pressure on your abdomen. they are pushed outward and
stretched to make room for the growing baby. diastasis recti usually develops in the third trimester. there is increased
pressure on the abdominal wall because the baby is growing quickly during this time. the prevalence of dra was 33.1%
at gestation week 21, 60.0% 6 weeks postpartum, 45.5% 6 months postpartum, and 32.6% 12 months postpartum. the
location with the highest prevalence of dra was at the umbilicus for all the time points.
Methods: systematic reviews and randomized control trial studies were searched and analyzed. articles for past 10
years were included from electronic databases like pubmed, google scholar and pedro that included mesh words like
abdominal muscle, exercise, pregnancy, recti abdominis, trimester.
Results: on the research of various exercise training protocols, the pros and cons of pelvic floor muscle training , ab
dominal exercises , adherence and parameters are discussed. Pregnant women can be given exercise training for core
muscles for protection in both the prenatal and postnatal periods.
Conclusion: Abdominal and pelvic floor muscle training during pregnancy have a negligible effect on the ird (inter recti
distance).pelvic floor and drawing-in exercise increased the ird, whilst head lift, curl up and diagonal curl up decreased
the ird in pregnant women with dra at gestation week 27 and 37

Functional Outcome and Quality of Life in Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Stroke at the Three Months of Occurrence

John Lance Kulzner L, Rajeswari Muthusamy — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Stroke survivors often suffer from physical and cognitive impairments that limit their functional abilities.
Quality of life following the stroke depends upon many factors and different recovery patterns. The amount of recov
ery determines the reintegration into the community and occupation of the stroke patients. This study intends to look
at the functional outcome and quality of life of ischemic and haemorrhagic stroke at 3 months of stroke occurrence.
Methods: This observational study was carried out in post-stroke patients treated in Sri Ramachandra Hospital for three
months. 60 ischemic and 60 haemorrhagic stroke survivors were included in the study. The details of the participants
were obtained from the medical record department after obtaining ethical approval.
Result: The functional level of haemorrhagic stroke survivors was 72.41, and ischemic stroke survivors were 86.25 on
the Barthel Index, which fell into a moderate dependency level, but haemorrhagic stroke survivors were at a higher
functional level. Unpaired t-test was used to compare the Barthel index and domains of RAND 36 between both groups,
which showed a statistically significant difference where ischemic survivors had better functional levels and the quality
of life in all domains of RAND 36 at p<0.05 except for the role limitation due to the physical health domain.
Conclusion: Ischemic stroke survivors had better functional levels and quality of life than haemorrhagic stroke survivors.
The results of the study insist on planning strategies to improve the quality of life in haemorrhagic stroke survivors to
help them reintegrate into the community.

Impact of Mudra Practice on Metabolic, Renal, Cardiac and Pulmonary Health: A Randomized Controlled Study

K Kavitha — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Mudras, traditional hand gestures originating from ancient Indian practices, are believed to influence
various physiological and psychological states. This study explores the effects of specific mudras on blood sugar levels,
blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns, and pulmonary function tests (PFTs).
Methods: A controlled experimental design was employed, involving 20 participants divided into an experimental group
performing selected mudras. Over a period of 2 weeks, participants in the experimental group practiced mudras for 30
minutes daily. Blood samples and ECG readings were collected at baseline and at the at the end of the study to measure
changes in blood sugar, BUN, creatinine levels, and cardiac function. Pulmonary function was assessed using spirometry
to measure parameters such as forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1).
Result: Post-intervention results suggest significant improvements in pulmonary function, such as a significant change
in FVC. The mean and standard deviation values for pre-intervention FVC are 2.50 ±.607 and post-intervention FVC
is 4.15 ±.587, and the p value is less than 0.05. Peak expiratory flow rate PEFR shows a significant change; the mean
and standard deviation for pre-intervention PEFR values are 4.05 ± 1.276 and post-intervention PEFR values are 5.70
±.801, and the p value is less than 0.05. There is also a significant change in pre- and post-intervention blood glucose
test levels; the mean and standard deviation in pre-intervention blood glucose levels are 99.20 ± 10.904 and post-in
tervention blood glucose levels are 92.55 ± 10.851, and the p value is less than 0.05. The mean and standard deviation
of pre-intervention heart rate values are 80.85 ± 9.241 and post-intervention values are 73.50 ± 7.722, and the p value
is less than 0.05, which shows a statistically significant value where heart rate reduces after practicing mudras due to
parasympathetic activity, indicating enhanced cardiac health.
Conclusion: These findings propose that incorporating mudras into the daily routine may offer a complementary ap
proach to managing metabolic, renal, and cardiac health, along with improving respiratory function.

Influence of Balance on Physical Performance in Knee Osteoarthritis

Aishwarya S, Angeline R — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Patients with knee OA frequently have quadriceps muscle weakness or impaired proprioception within the
joint. These disease-related limitations could be the cause of the poor balance. Knee OA subjects with balance deficits
experience a progressive loss of function, becoming more dependent when walking, climbing stairs, and performing
other lower extremity tasks.
Aim: To evaluate the influence of balance on physical performance in knee osteoarthritis.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at physiotherapy OPD, Sri Ramachandra Hospital, from July 2023 to
April 2024. Twenty-one subjects with balance deficit and twenty-six without balance deficit KOA were included in the
current study based on their kellgren-lawnrence grading system. Subjects were assessed for one-time balance mea
surement using single leg stance (static balance) and physical performance using the TUG test. Additionally, all subjects
responded to self-reported disability measures (KOA outcome score- KOOS).
Results: An intergroup statistical difference was found in both groups. Physical performance was significantly lower in
KOA subjects with balance deficits than in KOA subjects without balance deficits. KOA group with balance deficits has
shown significance at p < .05 in the 30-sec chair stand test (0.0001), and TUG test (0.0043), but the stair climbing test
has no importance (P- 0.3326).
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it has been concluded that subjects with balance deficit KOA have less physical
performance than subjects without balance deficits. A significant difference exists between the KOA subjects with a
balance deficit and those without a balance deficit. Hence, this study proves that a balance deficit will decrease physical
performance.

Influence of Motor Symptoms on Quality of Life in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease – Gender Specific

Daphne Charles, Radhika C M — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by a range of motor symptoms.
These symptoms can lead to distress, social isolation, and a significant burden on patients, impacting their quality of
life (QoL). In this study, we examined how motor symptoms affect the quality of life of Parkinson’s disease patients and
identified variations between male and female populations.
Methods: This is an observational study. The study was conducted among Parkinson’s disease patients of the age group
between 45-70 years of both genders. A total of 37 patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s were considered for the study.
22 males and 15 females were taken for the study. The motor symptoms were measured using UPDRS PART 3 during the
ON state of the disease, and health-related quality of life was measured using PDQ-39. The scores were summarized,
and regression analysis was performed.
Results: Regression analysis showed that patients with more motor symptoms had significantly worse HRQOL than
patients with no symptoms, and patients with longer disease duration reported a lower HRQOL. Parkinson’s disease
patients reported decreased considerably physical and mental HRQOL(p<0.001).
Conclusion: Individuals with PD have a significantly lower HRQOL. We have also identified potential factors to target in
future studies to improve PD patients’ lives. Increasing disease severity, PD duration, motor fluctuations, and, mainly,
bradykinesia also reflected a lower HRQOL. In addition, our findings suggest that female PD patients had a more enor
mous impact and reduced quality of life when compared to males.

Influence of Subject and Therapist Body Mass Index on Lean Release Angle and Forward Stepping Characteristics

Jeeva S, Padmavathi V, C R Praveen Kumar — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: The influence of body mass index (bmi) on movement characteristics has garnered significant interest in
biomechanics and rehabilitation research.
Methods: This is the observational study conducted among healthy young adults of the age group between 18 to 25
years of both genders. initial demographic details was taken which included their name, age, gender, and bmi (height,
weight) using 5 raters with different ranges of bmi. during this procedure, a laser pointer is attached to the pelvis with
a waistband. the examiner stands in front and side of the subject placing both hands over the shoulder bilaterally. the
subject is then asked to lean forward till his shoulders and hips are in front of their toes and asked to relax after the lean
and the support from the shoulder is released suddenly and the subject will recover the balance by taking a forward
step. the above-said procedure will be captured as a video in a mobile phone camera. the video will be analysed using
a software called “tracker” which can calculate the spatiotemporal parameters of the reactions taken. the data will be
taken for analysis.
Results: Based on the anova results from the three trials, we found the following: these results indicate that there is
significant variability in the outcomes of trail 1, but not in trails 2 and 3. this suggests a potential difference in effectiveness or performance among groups in trail 1 that is not observed in the other two trials.
Conclusion: By understanding how bmi affects the lean release angle and forward-stepping characteristics, we can
develop a more effective protocol to analyse the lean release angle and forward-stepping influenced by bmi.

Inter and Intra-Rater Differences in the Extent of Lean Release and its Influence on Backward and Lateral-Stepping Characteristics

G S Mageshwari, J Mohammed Iqbal Farooq, C R Praveen Kumar — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: stepping is a protective response to disturbances, preventing falls. backward and lateral balance loss
poses greater injury risk.
Methods: participants meeting specific criteria are explained about the study and asked for their consent. with a laser
pointer attached to their pelvis, they stand in a stable position as the examiner positions themselves behind and releas
es support while the participant leans backwards and laterally. this procedure is repeated three times with different
therapists and participants, and video analysis tracker is used to evaluate the backward and lateral stepping strategy.
Results: (by using anova and icc)backward stepping reaction: backward stepping reaction: none of the trials have p
values below the common significance threshold of 0.05, indicating that there are no statistically significant differ
ences in therapist variable on the outcomes measured in each trail. intraclass correlation. 75 subjects and 3 raters/
measurements. icc type as referenced by shrout & fleiss lateral stepping reaction: among the three analyses, only tl 1
showed a statistically significant difference in outcomes based on the therapist, suggesting that the particular measure
or context of tl 1 might be more sensitive to the therapist’s influence compared to tl 2 and tl 3. 50 subjects and 4 raters/
measurements. icc type as referenced by shrout & fleiss.
Conclusion: clinicians should assess compensatory stepping to identify fall risk. variability in best test can enhance
physiotherapists’ skills in assessing spatiotemporal parameters and improving treatment protocol for balance.

Internet Addiction and Relationship with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(Adhd) Symptoms among Health Science Students

Mercy Phalin Ruban, S Sujitha — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background of the study: Internet Addiction is when individuals use the Internet in an excessive, uncontrollable manner
that leads to tolerance and interferes with their daily life, resulting in substantial suffering and functional limitations.
ADHD, a condition that persists throughout life, is mainly characterized by symptoms such as lack of focus, excessive
activity, and impulsiveness. Individuals with ADHD exhibit addictive behaviour towards interactive media, and there is
evidence of problematic technology use in those exhibiting significant ADHD symptoms even without an official diagnosis.
Methods: 150 subjects were selected for the study, obtaining informed consent. Participants who met the specified
inclusion and exclusion criteria were chosen for the study. The subjects will be provided with the Internet Addiction
Test (IAT) scale, Adult Self Report Scale (ASRSv1.1) symptoms checklist and UCLA loneliness scale (Version 3). The
questionnaire (data) will be collected from the subjects. The interpretation and analysis of the data are done, and the
results are obtained.
Results: Gender, ADHD symptoms, and loneliness emerged as significant factors associated with internet addiction in
the studied population. An important relationship (p < 0.001 for ASRS_A and ASRS_T, p = 0.001 for ASRS_B), and lone
liness (p < 0.001, OR = 0.100, 95% CI [0.027, 0.372]) emerged as significant factors associated with internet addiction
in the studied population. However, age did not independently predict addictive behaviours (p = 0.441>0.05, mean
difference = -0.17 years, 95% CI [ –0.60, 0.26]).
Conclusion: Internet Addiction has a significant association with ADHD Symptoms (Loneliness) among health science
students.

Longitudinal Assessment of Post-Stroke Recovery in Mca Patients Undergoing Physiotherapy: An Observational Study

Manjari R, S Sujitha — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Strokes, whether ischemic or haemorrhagic, present complex motor deficits influenced by genetics,
pre-existing conditions, and rehabilitation. In both developed and low-middle-income countries like India, strokes pose
significant health challenges, with the majority of cases in LMICs. The Fugl-Meyer scale assesses stroke recovery, focus
ing on sensorimotor function. This study aims to optimize intervention timing for physiotherapists by understanding
stroke recovery dynamics.
Methods: This observational study recruited 50 patients with ischemic MCA stroke within 30 days of onset. Over 3
months, patients were assessed using the MOTOR ASSESSMENT scale, FUGL-MEYER ASSESSMENT scale, and FUNCTIONAL
INDEPENDENCE MEASURE. Inclusion criteria were ages 40-60, Fugl-Meyer score <66 for upper extremity, <6 in sitting
balance, and FIM score <3 For severe communication or memory deficit. Exclusion criteria were other neurological
diseases, subarachnoid haemorrhage, transient ischemic attack, brainstem lesion, and orthopaedic impairments.
Results: The research groups showed significant progress.
Arm mean: 12.56 (pre-test) to 31.44 (last post-test), f value 720.97, p < 0.05. Leg mean: 10.42 to 29.74, f value 2358.32,
p < 0.05. Sensation: 7.46 to 20.18, f value 2022.75, p < 0.05. MAS: 6.86 to 25.42, f value 2224.19, p < 0.05.
FIM: pre-test mean 22.56, third-month post-test mean 38.62, both p < 0.05, f value 1870.32.
Conclusion: Overall, significant improvements were observed in various scales within the study groups, including Fugl
Meyer Scale scores for arm, leg, and sensation, as well as MAS and FIM scores (p < 0.05).

Methods of Grading Exercise Induced Exertion Rates Following Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation in Adults: A Rapid Review

Poornima S, Antony Leo Aseer P, Soundararajan K — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Musculoskeletal conditions are common among adults and lead to pain, reduced functional activity,
and impaired quality of life. Exercises are commonly recommended in the rehabilitation and management of these
conditions. This rapid review aims to map and evaluate the existing tools and scales used to measure exertion rates in
adults post-musculoskeletal rehabilitation, providing insights into their application, strength, and limitations.
Methods: Literature Search: We systematically searched electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the
Cochrane Library) from inception to April 2024.
Eligibility Criteria: Studies that measured exertion rates during exercise intervention in adults following musculoskeletal
rehabilitation were included.
Results: The type of exercise prescription varied widely, including aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercises. The
exercise rate was predominantly measured using a subjective scale, such as the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE),
and objective measures, such as heart rate and VO2 max. Each method demonstrated specific strengths and limitations.
Subjective tools were praised for their simplicity and patient-centred approach, while objective measures provided
more precise and quantifiable data.
Conclusion: There is considerable variability in exercise-induced exertion rates among adults, which signifies the
need for personalised exercise prescriptions. This rapid review emphasises the value of subjective and objective
tools, advocating for their combined use to enhance accuracy. While usual methods like the Borg RPE scale remain
foundational, integrating modern wearable technology holds promise for more precise monitoring. Further work is
needed to determine whether there is a relationship between exertion rates and clinical outcomes to optimise exercise
interventions for this population.

Prevalence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease among Firecracker Workers in A Fire cracker Industry, Sivakasi

Abirami Muthu, S Sujitha — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Quest on Evidence-Based Effects of Physiotherapeutic Interventions During Antenatal Low Back Pain

Harrini S, Ponmathi — Fri, 04 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: a pregnant mother’s quality of life may be greatly affected by low back pain (LBP), which is typified by pain between the 12th rib and the gluteal fold. LBP is frequent during pregnancy. In addition to discomfort, women with LBP frequently experience sleep disturbances, trouble going about their regular lives, substantial work absenteeism, and
lingering postpartum symptoms. Over the past ten years, several authors have looked at the data supporting a wide
range of therapies to treat LBP associated with pregnancy.
Methods: studies of women with low back pain during antenatal, studies comparing exercise with no active treatment.
Systematic reviews and randomized control trials of humans published in English were included. Analysed the last 10
years articles in electronic search were conducted in MEDLINE (via Pubmed) Google Scholar, along with references
searching for articles published in English. It is an explorative qualitative analysis approach towards various exercise
methods, protocols, and antenatal low back pain guidelines. The mesh terms included in the search were pregnancy,
low back pain, exercises, and physical activity.
Results: Evidence shows that therapeutic exercises may have physical and psychological benefits in the effectiveness
of different types of exercises in treating mothers with low back pain and women’s quality of life.
Conclusion: the reviewed articles suggest that abdominal exercise programs are generally effective in treating antenatal
low back pain at various periods.

Risk Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease among Sedentary Post - Menopausal Women – An Observational Study

Pooja1, Senthil Purushothaman — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background of Study: Menopause is defined by the ovaries halting the release of eggs. Menopause signifies the per
manent end of menstrual cycles in women, typically manifesting in their late 40s or early 50s. Prior to menopause,
there’s a transitional phase called perimenopause, lasting 2–10 years, where the ovaries reduce the production of
estrogen and progesterone. Sedentary behavior is defined as low-energy activities, including lying down or sitting,
and little to no participation in moderate-to-intense physical activity. In comparison to men in the same age group,
postmenopausal women had a disproportionately higher rise in arteria stiffness. It is thought that during menopause,
carotid artery intima thickness—a cardiovascular risk factor—increases; this is especially true for early menopause and
longer menopause. It is thought that the combination of these variables increases the risk of Cardiovascular disease in
women going through menopausal.
Methodology: A total of 60 subjects were selected for study. Pre-test taken for all participants. Body Mass Index (BMI),
Ankle Brachial Index (ABI), 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and Hip Waist Ratio (HWR).
Results: Postmenopausal women has identified as risk of cardiovascular disease based on the BMI (overweight) has
increase 25.9 and ABI has increases 0.985 this will indicate peripheral artery disease. The 6MWT and HWR are normal
there is no risk among these two outcomes.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the risk of cardiovascular disease among sedentary Post-menopausal women is prone
to be more.

Role of Aquatic Therapy in Elderly with Knee Pain: A Narrative Review

Subameena A, Antony Leo Aseer P, Soundararajan K — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is increasingly prevalent; many patients require knee arthroplasty. The Indian
population had the highest prevalence of Knee Pain, 31.8%. Aquatic therapy offers a unique approach to addressing
knee pain, harnessing the buoyancy and support of water to create a nurturing environment for rehabilitation and
healing. There is a lack of studies investigating the long-term effects of Aquatic therapy on elderly knee pain subjects.
Most studies focus on short-to-medium-term outcomes, leaving a gap in understanding the sustainability of benefits
over long-term effects.
Methods: Literature Search: We systematically searched electronic databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the
Cochrane Library) from inception to April 2024.
Eligibility Criteria: Studies involving aquatic therapy in elderly people with knee pain and asymptomatic subjects
were included.
Findings of the review: The results suggest that a 12-week AC training program improves self-reported knee pain and
physical functioning in patients with mild-to-moderate knee OA. A Comprehensive review of existing studies reveals
that aquatic therapy significantly reduces pain and improves functional mobility in older adults suffering from knee
osteoarthritis and other chronic knee conditions.
Conclusion: Only land-based exercise showed some improvement in pain and muscle strength compared with the
control group, while no clinical benefits were detectable after aquatic exercise compared with the control group.
However, aquatic exercise has significantly fewer adverse effects than a land-based programme. Still, it is a beneficial
approach for managing knee pain in the elderly, offering significant improvements in pain relief, functionality and
Quality of life.

Short-Term Efficacy of Static Isometric Neck Exercise and Cervical Muscle Stretch among College Students with Cervicogenic Headache

S Kaviya, Ishwarya Vardhini C , Senthil Purushothaman — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Cervicogenic headache, distinct from migraine or tension headache, is characterized by pain localized in
any cranial region, arising from a nociceptive origin musculoskeletal tissues innervated by cranial nerves. This results
in the symptoms of CGH, such as pain on one side or both sides, often described as dull or throbbing and possibly ac
companied by discomfort, stiffness and limited neck movement.
Methods: A total of 30 samples were included in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were
divided into 2 groups, namely Groups A and B, with 15 subjects. Group A received static isometric exercise, while
Group B received cervical muscle stretching exercises for 4 weeks. The outcome measures were for pain and Neck
ROM, respectively.
Results: The results obtained for Group B, who underwent cervical muscle stretch, showed a greater mean difference
than Group A (static isometric exercise). Pain levels in group B decreased by a mean difference of 4.06 points on the
NRS (p < 0.05). Neck extension and lateral flexion improvement in group B was significant, with mean difference values
of -28. 76 and -26. 66 in goniometric scores (p < 0.05) than group A (static isometric exercise).
Conclusion: Cervical muscle stretching is more effective in improving pain, neck extension and lateral flexion range of
motion among subjects with cervicogenic headache.

Teacher and Parents Knowlkedge, Attitude and Practice of Physical Activity Promotion of School Students

Amirtha Varshini, T Senthilkumar — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: physical activity has been reduced in past few years among the school children along the age group of 10 -15 years (russell.r.pate,et.al2006).this study analyses the influences of parents and school teachers on school students
pa.they are questioned about the importance of physical activity in school student.
Methods: two private schools were selected for this qualitative study for a duration of 8weeks with a sample size of 12
parents and 12 teachers from each school being questioned about the significance of pa for students. for this study, two
private schools were selected.the study involved interviewing school teachers and parents based on a questionnaire
and recording the interviews. the study used qualitative methods and in-depth interviews for analysis,aiming to under
stand the knowledge and importance of pa among teachers and parents and then thematic analysis was performed.12
teachers and 12 parents of each school and a total of 48 samples were included in the study.
Results: the knowledge of pa domain,includes the importance and knowledge about pa,food habits side of effects
of physical activity and obesity.about the pa importance it was known by the teachers(83.4%) more compared to
parents(66.8%),and the food habits was followed more by the parents(76.2%) like healthy food habits and diet was
known.in domain attitude towards pa,parents(66.6%) encouraged the student in sports compared to teachers(45.8%)
and in domain of promotion of pa,parents(80%) encourage the students to sports training in school and outside the
school compared to teachers(75%).
Conclusion: this research study shows the knowledge,attitude and promotion of pa among the parents and teachers
of school students.

The Effectiveness of Pilates on Flexibility and Performance in Individuals with Low Back Strain

Lalitha R, Vinodhkumar Ramalingam — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Player spends most of their time in training and competition, subjected to mechanical strain on the lower
back and, thus, a high stress level on the musculoskeletal system. Studies focusing on physical activity and low back
strain (LBS) indicate the relationship between activity level and LBS. Volleyball players have a higher physical activity
grade and thus might have a higher risk of developing LBS. The strain on the back depends on the year’s duration,
frequency, and training periods.
Methods: A 24-year-old female volleyball athlete with LBS was evaluated using SAST and VJP to assess the degree of
flexibility and performance. The exercise protocol was designed based on the results of SAST and VJP. The athlete un
derwent the exercise intervention for 4 weeks, 50 minutes each session, thrice a week. The degree of LPS, flexibility,
and performance were measured pre-intervention and post-intervention.
Results: The individual mean value of the vertical jump test was 27 units before and after the Pilates intervention. The
post-test vertical jump value increased in weeks 3 (24.5) and 4 (29.5). Likewise, the sit and reach test mean values
increased from 38.86(units) to post-test values of 36.36 and 41.36.
Conclusion: The study’s findings underscore the significant role of Pilates in enhancing flexibility and performance in
individuals with low back strain, particularly in sports like volleyball.

The Effectiveness of Retro Walking Gait Performance Among Stroke Patients

Divya K , Hariharasudhan, Manojabraham — Thu, 03 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Gait impairment is a common consequence of stroke, significantly affecting patients’ independence and
quality of life. Traditional gait training often results in an asymmetrical gait pattern. Retro walking has been suggested
to engage different muscle groups and motor programs, potentially improving gait symmetry and overall mobility in
stroke patients.
Methods: A randomized experimental study was conducted at KG Hospital, Coimbatore. A total of 10 male stroke
patients, aged 40-50 years, with left-sided hemiplegic and within six months post-stroke, were selected using random
sampling. They were divided into two groups: the experimental group (n=5), which received additional backward walking
training, and the control group (n=5), which received standard rehabilitation. Both groups underwent 40-minute training
sessions three times a week for six weeks. Outcome measures included gait velocity (10-meter walk test), functional
balance (functional reach test), and cadence.
Results: Significant improvements were observed in the experimental group compared to the control group. The
experimental group showed a greater increase in gait velocity (mean difference of 19.47 vs .5.36), functional reach
(mean difference of 3.93 vs. 1.82), and cadence (mean difference of 14.67 vs. 9.27). Statistical analysis using paired and
independent ‘t-test confirmed the significance of these findings (p <0.05).
Conclusion: The study concludes that backward walking training, in conjunction with conventional rehabilitation,
significantly improves gait velocity, functional balance, and cadence in stroke patients. This suggests that incorporating
backwards walking into stroke rehabilitation programs can enhance recovery outcomes.

The Effectiveness of Scapular Stabilization Exercise in Construction Workers with Subacromial Impingement Syndrome –A Pilot Study

Sikkandar Badusha MR, Kamalakannan M — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is a common musculoskeletal disorder among construction workers, often resulting from repetitive overhead activities and heavy lifting. SIS can lead to significant pain, reduced shoulder function, and decreased quality of life. Scapular stabilization exercises are proposed as a targeted intervention to address these issues by enhancing scapular muscle strength and coordination.

Methods: 20 construction workers with clinically diagnosed SIS participated in this pilot study. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which undertook a scapular stabilization exercise program, or the control group, which received standard physical therapy. The intervention group performed specific scapular stabilization exercises thrice weekly for 4 weeks. Outcome measures included the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain, the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) for function, and the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) index for shoulder-related quality of life, assessed at baseline and the end of the 4 weeks.

Results: The intervention group demonstrated significantly improved VAS, SPADI, and WORC scores compared to the control group. Pain levels in the intervention group decreased by an average of 2.5 points on the VAS (p < 0.05). Functional improvements were observed with a 25% reduction in SPADI scores (p < 0.05). The average WORC score improved by 25% in the intervention group (p < 0.05), indicating a notable enhancement in shoulder-related quality of life.

Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrates that scapular stabilization exercises may effectively reduce pain and improve function and quality of life in construction workers with SIS.

The Effects of Vibratory Muscle Stimulation on Pain and Cranio- Vertebral Angle for University Students with Forward Head Posture

Hajira Husna, Kamalakannan M — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Neck pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder among university students, often leading to altered
postural behaviours. Prolonged sitting during study sessions is a common trigger for chronic neck pain, which can alter
the biomechanics of the cervical spine, resulting in a forward head posture. Over 60% of neck pain patients are reported
to have a forward head posture. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vibratory muscle stimulation on pain and
cranio-vertebral angle in university students with forward head postures.
Methods: A sample of 10 subjects with forward head postures was selected through simple random sampling for this
study. The participants were recruited from Saveetha Hospital.
Results: The post-treatment mean value of the Cranio-vertebral angle was 50, whereas the standard deviation was 1.911
in the pre-test and 1.490 in the post-test. Data acquired for VAS was statistically significant between the pre-test and
post-test where the p-value is <0.001, the mean value is 6 before testing and 3.2 after the test and a standard deviation
of 0.81 before the test and 0.78 after the test, according to the statistical analysis performed on the quantitative data.
Conclusion: The study unequivocally demonstrates the effectiveness of vibratory muscle stimulation as a non-invasive
intervention for forward head posture and its significant impact on pain among university students with forward head
posture. The statistical significance of the results further strengthens the credibility of the study. Given the novelty of
this topic, further research is warranted.

The Efficacy of Muscle Energy Technique and Trigger Point Release Technique Among Text Neck Syndrome

Lilith Kumar R, Kamalakannan M — Thu, 03 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The Frequency of Comorbidites on Pain in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

A P Nitharshini, Angeline — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: knee osteoarthritis (koa) co-occurs with long-term conditions like respiratory, cardiovascular diseases
(cvd), neuromuscular disease (nmd), depression, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and obesity.
Methods: the study is a cross sectional observational study; the subjects were recruited from physiotherapy opd. 111
patients with koa of both genders, an age between 40 to 60 years of age, were selected based on the inclusion and
exclusion criteria among koa patients with & without comorbidity. numerical pain rating scale (nprs) has been used as
outcome to measure the pain in koa patients.
Result: out of 111 subjects with oa knee, 50 were male (45%) and 61 were female (54%) with age of 40 to 50 years (26%)
and 51 to 60 years (73%). in subjects the frequency of comorbidities in hypertension occurred (34%), type 2 diabetes
occurred (37%), obesity in (37%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (17%) and coronary artery disease occurred
(21%). it has been found that statistically significant correlation with comorbidity and pain levels (r2 0.1901) and with
significant difference (p value < 0.00001). when comparing within comorbidities individually, chronic obstructive pul
monary disease and coronary artery disease showed higher nprs scores, with statistically significant difference (p =
0.00328) were observed. therefore, increase in comorbidities were associated with the higher levels of pain in nprs
scale respectively.
Conclusion: these findings demonstrated the need to investigate and treat these comorbid conditions in patients with
koa and emphasized the importance of examining and addressing the coexisting conditions in individuals with koa.

The Hidden Deficit: Lean Body Mass and Fat Mass Changes Post- Acl Surgery

Thu, 03 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).This study aims to explore the discrepancies in lean body mass (LBM) and
fat mass between the post-operative ACL thigh and the contralateral thigh, despite their equal mid-thigh circumferences.
Methods: Fifteen patients who underwent Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with either STG or BPTB grafts and followed
a personalized rehabilitation plan for 12 weeks were included in this study. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
scans were performed 12 weeks post-surgery to assess body composition. Measurements of mid-thigh circumference,
LBM, and fat mass were obtained for both the operated and contralateral thighs. Statistical analysis was conducted to
compare the differences between the two thighs.
Results: The results demonstrated that while the mid-thigh circumferences of the post-operative ACL thigh (54.6 ± 4.24)
and the contralateral thigh (54.27 ± 4.2) were comparable, significant differences were observed in their composition. The
LBM of the post-operative ACL thigh (7652.93 ± 967.21) was significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to the contralateral
thigh (8015.07 ± 954.27), indicating muscle atrophy despite equal circumference. Conversely, the fat mass in the post
operative ACL thigh was significantly higher (p<0.05), suggesting an increase in adipose tissue.
Conclusion: These findings underscore the importance of considering muscle composition changes, addressing quadriceps inhibition, and employing appropriate assessment tools in post-operative assessments and rehabilitation strategies for ACL reconstruction patients.

To Find The Effect of Aerobic Exercise and Core Strengthening on Adductor Muscle Strength and Performance in Female Football Players

S Malini, Senthil Purushothaman — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background of the study: The repetitive movements and overuse inherent in soccer contribute significantly to injuries, including ACL injuries and Groin Pain Syndrome (GPS). These conditions are exacerbated by inadequate physical
conditioning and neuromuscular deficits, which are more prevalent in women. Effective interventions, such as dietary
supplements and core stabilization exercises, play a vital role in enhancing performance and reducing injuries. Additionally, the Adductor Strengthening Programme (ASP) has shown promise in mitigating groin problems. Despite the
benefits of aerobic exercise for cardiovascular health and muscle function, the specific impact of core-targeted exercises
on competitive soccer performance remains unclear, highlighting the need for further research to optimize training
protocols for female athletes.
Methodology: A total of 40 subjects were selected for the study obtaining informed consent. Subject who fulfilled the
following inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly to one of the two groups. Each group comprised of 20 sub
jects between the age group 18-23 years. The experimental group was given aerobic exercise and core strengthening
on adductor muscle strength for 8– week treatment course. The study parameters include VAS (Visual analog scale),
MMT (Manual Muscle Testing), six minute run test and SPEED score used for the pre-test and post-test comparison
done between the experimental and control group.
Result: Both the experimental and control groups demonstrated significant improvements in all measured outcomes.
However, the experimental group showed slightly higher enhancements in physical performance measures. While there
were no significant differences between the groups in VAS (pain) and MMT (muscle strength) improvements (p > 0.05),
the experimental group exhibited significantly greater improvements in the Six-Minute Run (median improvement of
390.00 meters, Z = -5.060, p = 0.000) and SPEED scores (median reduction of -4.68, Z = -5.344, p = 0.000). These results
suggest that the aerobic intervention was more effective in enhancing physical performance compared to the control
intervention.
Conclusion: Overall, the aerobic intervention was found to be more effective in enhancing physical performance of
Soccer player.

Translation and Validation of Tamil Pain Neuroscience Education (Pne) in Individuals with Chronic Low Back Pain

Delphin kavya D, Soundararajan K, Antony Leo Aseer P — Fri, 04 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal diseases, affecting 10.1-55.2%
of the global population. Pain neuroscience education (PNE) is a strategy that teaches patients to rethink how they
view pain. Tamil is India’s most widely used language, spoken by 6.9 billion people.
Methods: The study is conducted in two phases. Phase I - translation of the English version of PNE into the Tamil version
was accomplished in six stages (forward translation, synthesis of Tamil version, backward translation, expert committee
review, test of the preliminary back translated Tamil version, submission and appraisal of all the written reports- pilot
testing of PNE); phase ii – testing the validity of the Tamil version was done by assessing the psychometric properties
(test-retest reliability, internal consistency, content validity) of the prefinal Tamil version of pain neuroscience PNE
education.
Results: In round 1, a questionnaire with 42 questions was mailed to the panellists, and 40 questions reached a
consensus. Round 2 consisted of 2 questions, and all reached a consensus. In round 3, a model Tamil was framed based
on a literature search, previous rounds’ results, and panellists’ suggestions. This was sent to panellists, who were asked
to provide their opinions on the framed protocol. The results of all three rounds framed the final framework of Tamil
pne under 7 sections.
Conclusion: In this study, a structured Tamil PNE was framed under 7 sections that the therapist can use clinically to
make the patients understand the pain in Tamil. Thus, Tamil can break the language barrier in Tamil individuals with
chronic lower back pain.

Validation of Protocol-Guided Phase-1 Exercise Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Adult Cardiac Surgeries

Raja shri R, Senthil Kumar — Fri, 04 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation is a comprehensive program integrating individualised and supervised exercise after cardiac surgeries. This study aims to analyse the need for structured exercise protocol for cardiac rehabilitation after cardiac surgeries by developing a protocol for phase-1 cardiac rehabilitation, validating it with experts, and checking their safety and feasibility in the early phase of cardiac surgeries.
Methods: A literature search was performed, and a pooling of available evidence and existing literature for cardiac
rehabilitation was done and developed. The protocol was based on it and validated with a panel of experts. It obtained
the reviews of each stage in the protocol. It was applied to the calculated sample size to check for their safety, feasibility,
adverse events, and objective measures like functional capacity.
Results: The validation process in round 1, consisting of 5 stages with a sequence of exercises, was given to the panellists. Round 2 consisted of a modified version of questions. The uncertain questions in each round were sent for review before the next round. At the end of the review rounds, three were modified after the round 1 review, and none were excluded after the round 2 review. In round 3, a model exercise program was framed based on a literature search, results from previous rounds, and suggestions from panellists. This was given to panellists who were asked to provide their opinions and views on the framed protocol. From the results of all three rounds, the final framework of the structured exercise program with 5 stages of treatment was framed.
Conclusion: Early involvement of patients in phase 1 of the program will provide a natural liaison for continuing their
rehabilitation on an outpatient basis.

Validation of Six- Minute Walk Test Predictive Model Equation of Total Knee Replacement

Monisha S, Antony Leo Aseer P, Soundararajan K — Thu, 03 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Total knee replacement (TKR) is the most common, gold standard surgical intervention in relieving pain,
improving physical functions and quality of life in end-stage osteoarthritis.
Method: 82 samples of subjects who underwent TKR post 3 months were recruited using purposive sampling. The
values taken in the formula were ROM, Push pull Dynamometer, KOOS and Six-minute walk test and these values
were documented. The Predictor model equation for 6MWD at 3 months is calculated and is compared with the Six
minute Walk test Distance covered by the subject. The Validity (Concurrent validity) of the Predictor model equation
for 6MWD is evaluated.
Result: Upon validating, the predictor model equation for 6MWD was found be effective and same as the 6MWT. By using the intraclass correlation coefficient, between the 6MWT and the Predictor model equation for 6MWD indicates the
satisfactory concurrent validity. By using this formula, the distance covered can be calculated without using the 6MWT.
Conclusion: In this study, a predictor model for the 6MWD at 3 months is validated and it can be used clinically by the
therapist instead of the 6MWT. Thus, the Predictor model equation for 6MWD can be deployed to know the walking
distance covered by the subject in 6 minutes for individuals who underwent TKR post 3 months

Virtual Reality Balance Training on Geriatric with Balance Disorders – Boon or Bane? Systematic Review

R Priya, S S Subramanian — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction: Balance disorder is the most addressed problem in the elderly, affecting physical activity and quality of
life. Virtual reality can be an interesting intervention with task-specific training that is fun and motivating. Purpose: This
systematic review aimed to determine the effect of Virtual Reality on elders with balance disorders and to facilitate
early recovery by incorporating technology and individualised therapy.
Methods: Pubmed, Cochrane and Google Scholar are three electronic databases accessed using the PICO search strategy
and by hand searching.
Eligibility Criteria: Only randomised controlled trials were included, Elderly population, literature only on English, recent
5 years of literature 2020 to 2024, Virtual Reality interventions in Physiotherapy, compared with conventional exercises,
one among the main outcomes measured as balance or Gait. Studies Appraisal method: With PEDro- Physiotherapy
evidence database quality assessment tool to assess the quality of studies.
Results: Of the 11 studies, most showed greater benefits in balance and gait outcome measures. Among the 11 studies
included, most showed greater benefits of Virtual reality on balance and gait outcome measures, and very few studies
showed any differences in virtual reality compared to conventional exercises.
Conclusion: Virtual Reality Balance training for the elderly can be a promising intervention in physiotherapy, becoming
cost-effective, fun-filled, and motivating nowadays.
Implications: This study clarifies better physiotherapists treating elders with balance disorders, using virtual reality as
the most engaging and adherent.