ODeL Enabled Conceptual Model for Training Healthcare Functionaries for Managing Pandemics
Keywords:
Pandemic, ODeL, Capacity Development, Health CareAbstract
ealthcare scenario is radically changing at a fast pace. This change
is not only in the direction of newer investigative technologies and
management strategies, but also in trying to combat the newly emerging
and re-emerging diseases like Ebola, H1N1, COVID-19 and plague etc.
The health care functionaries are not geared to deal with this emergent
emergency situation, since their basic training lacked information
about these diseases and the management and containment at such
a massive scale. This paper reviews the evolving trends in providing
teaching, learning, and training through ODeL with special reference
to healthcare. It also reviews how ICTs are being used in sensitising
and training, healthcare functionaries for management of situations
like critical care, emerging disease outbreak etc. The different ODeL
models have been described in this paper. The features of web of things
and web of thoughts which may be an important component of the
future ODeL has been highlighted. A dynamic conceptual model for
training healthcare functionaries for managing pandemics has been
suggested, which will enable online training in competencies using
the latest technologies like personalised learning environments, the
internet of things, big data, and learning analytics etc. The content
and components of this model can be evolved with time and can be
customised as per the requirement. The provision of connecting the
trainees across geographical boundaries will enable them to remain
abreast with the latest changes and strategies and apply them after
improvising in their ground situations.
How to cite this article:
Kuba R, Dikshit J. ODeL Enabled Conceptual
Model for Training Healthcare Functionaries
For Managing Pandemics. Int J HealthCare Edu
& Med Inform. 2021; 8(4): 1-12.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.9199.202106
References
King B, McCauslan H, Nunan T. Converting to online
course and program delivery: the University of South
Australia case study. Int Rev Res Open Distrib Learning.
:1(2). https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v1i2.21.
[Google Scholar]
Bose K. An e-learning experience: a written analysis
based on my experience in an e-learning pilot project. Int
Rev Res Open Distrib Learning. 2003:4(2). https://doi.
org/10.19173/irrodl.v4i2.151. [Google Scholar]
Arinto PB. Issues and challenges in open and distance
e-learning: perspectives from the Philippines. Int Rev
Res Open Distrib Learning. 2016:17(2). https://doi.
org/10.19173/irrodl.v17i2.1913. [Google Scholar]
Zongozzi JN. A concept analysis of theory in South
African open distance and e-learning research. Open
Learning: J Open, Dist e-Learning. 2021:36(2);149-
DOI: 10.1080/02680513.2020.1743172. [Google
Scholar]
Chatpakkarattana T, Khlaisang J. The learner support
system for distance education. Creative Edu. 2012:3;47-
doi: 10.4236/ce.2012.38B011. https://m.scirp.org/
papers/26751. [Google Scholar]
Tait A. From place to virtual space: reconfiguring
student support for distance and e-learning in the
digital age. Open Praxis. 2014:6(1). [Pubmed] [Google
Scholar]
Kelly P, Stevens C. Narrowing the distance: using
e-learner support to enhance the student experience.
Eur J Open, Dist E-Learning. 2010:2. [Pubmed] [Google
Scholar]
Wells R. The impact and efficacy of e-counselling
in an open distance learning environment: a mixed
method exploratory study. J Coll Stud Psychoth. DOI:
1080/87568225.2021.1924098. [Google Scholar]
Maatuk AM, Elberkawi EK, Aljawarneh S, Rashaideh
H, Alharbi H. The COVID-19 pandemic and E-learning:
challenges and opportunities from the perspective of
students and instructors. J Comput higher Educ. 2021:1-
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-021-09274-2.
[Google Scholar]
Tawafak R, ALFarsi G, Jabbar J, Malik SI, Mathew R,
AlSidiri A, Shakir M, Romli A. Impact of technologies
during COVID-19 pandemic for improving behavior
intention to use e-learning. Int J Interact Mob Technol.
:15;184-198. Retrieved June 19, 2021 from https://
www.learntechlib.org/p/218695/ (Accessed on August
, 2021). [Google Scholar]
Hartshorne R; Baumgartner E; Kaplan R; Mouza C, Ferdig
RE. Preservice and in-service professional development
during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Technol Teach Educ.
:28;137-147. [Pubmed] [Google Scholar]
Crawford J, Butler K, Rudolph J, Glowatz M, Burton
R, Magni P, Lam S. COVID-19: 20 countries’ higher
education intra-period digital pedagogy responses.
J Appl Learn Teach 2020:3(1);1-21. [Google Scholar]
https://www.edutopia.org/open-educationalresources-guide (Accessed on August 14, 2021).
https://odl.mit.edu/beyond-campus/opencourseware
(Accessed on August 14, 2021).
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/ 0012/ 001285/
e.pdf (Accessed on August 14, 2021).
http://oasis.col.org/bitstream/han -
dle/11599/2441/2016_Phalachandra-Abeywardena_
OER-in-Commonwealth-2016.pdf? sequence=4 & isAllowed=y (Accessed on August 14, 2021).
Stathakarou N, Zary N, Kononowicz AA. Beyond xMOOCs
in healthcare education: study of the feasibility in
integrating virtual patient systems and MOOC platforms.
PeerJ. 2014:2;e672. [Pubmed] [Google Scholar]
Bhattacharya S, Singh A, Hossain MM. Health
system strengthening through Massive Open Online
Courses (MOOCs) during the COVID-19 pandemic: an
analysis from the available evidence. J Educ Health
Promot. 2020:9;195. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.
jehp_377_20. [Pubmed] [Google Scholar]
https://wearesocial.com/blog/2019/04/the-state-ofdigital-in-april-2019-all-the-numbers-you-need-toknow (Accessed on August 14, 2021).
https://www.perficient.com/insights/research-hub/
mobile-vs-desktop-usage (Accessed on August 14,
.
WHO (2011), mHealth New horizons for health through
mobile technologies, Global Observatory for eHealth
series - Volume 3
https://www.pm360online.com/the-gamification-ofpharma/ (Accessed on August 14, 2021).
http://www.zahiruddinarif.yolasite.com/resources/
AIJM%20June%202012.pdf#page=109(Accessed on
August 14, 2021).
Boeker M, Andel P, Vach W, Frankenschmidt A. Gamebased e-learning is more effective than a conventional
instructional method: a randomized controlled trial
with third-year medical students. PLoS One. 2013 Dec
;8(12):e82328. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082328.
PMID: 24349257; PMCID: PMC3857775. [Pubmed]
[Google Scholar]
https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/
scientists-use-online-game-to-research-COVID-19-
treatment-67230 (Accessed on August 14, 2021).
Lalmuanawma S, Hussain J, Chhakchhuak L. Applications
of machine learning and artificial intelligence for
COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic: A review. Chaos
Solitions Fractals. 2020:139(Oct);110059. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110059. [Pubmed] [Google
Scholar]
http://www.augmentedrealitytrends.com/augmentedreality/healthcare-industry.html (Accessed on August
, 2021).
Singh PM, Kaur AM, Trikha A. Virtual reality in anesthesia
“simulation.” Anesth Essays Res. 2012;6(2):134-9.
doi:10.4103/0259-1162.108289) [Pubmed] [Google
Scholar]
https://www.insidehighered.com/digital-learning/
blogs/online-trending-now/quantum-leap-futureeducation (Accessed on August 14, 2021). [Pubmed]
[Google Scholar]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_analytics
(Accessed on August 14, 2021).
https://library.educause.edu/~/media/files/
library/2016/2/hr2016.pdf (Accessed on August 14,
.
Bell BP, Damon IK, Jernigan DB, Kenyon TA, Nichol,
ST, O’Connor JP, Tappero JW. Overview, control
strategies, and lessons learned in the CDC response
to the 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic. MMWR Suppl.
:65(Suppl-3);4-11. [Pubmed] [Google Scholar]
Alsunaidi SJ, Almuhaideb AM, Ibrahim NM, Shaikh
FS, Alqudaihi KS, Alhaidari FA, Khan IU, Aslam N,
Alshahrani MS. Applications of big data analytics to
control COVID-19 pandemic. Sensors. 2021:21;2282.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s21072282. [Pubmed] [Google
Scholar]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things
(Accessed on August 14, 2021).
https://elearningindustry.com/7-ways-wearabletechnology-used-corporate-training (Accessed on
August 14, 2021).
https://www.healthcatalyst.com/big-data-inhealthcare-made-simple (Accessed on August 14,
.
Nasajpour M, Pouriyeh S, Parizi RM, Dorodchi M, Valero
M, Arabnia HR. Internet of things for current COVID-19
and future pandemics: an exploratory study. J Healthc
Inform Research. 2020:12(Nov);1-40. https://doi.
org/10.1007/s41666-020-00080-6. [Pubmed] [Google
Scholar]
https://flatworldbusiness.wordpress.com/flateducation/previously/web-1-0-vs-web-2-0-vs-web3-0-a-bird-eye-on-the-definition/ (Accessed on August
, 2021).
https://www.slideshare.net/OCWConsortium/usingoer-for-health-care-education (Accessed on August
, 2021). [Google Scholar]
https://openwho.org (Accessed on August 14, 2021).
https://openwho.org/pages/catalogues#clinicalmanagement-channel (Accessed on August 14, 2021).
https://www.coursera.org/learn/
COVID19clinicalupdate (Accessed on August 14, 2021).
https://www.coursera.org/learn/epidemics (Accessed
on August 14, 2021).
https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/COVID19-novelcoronavirus (Accessed on August 14, 2021).
https://www.ontop-in.org/login/index.php (Accessed
on August 14, 2021).
https://www.cdc.gov/publichealth101/e-learning/
prevention-effectiveness/ (Accessed on August 14,
.
http://www.msf.ca/en/article/msf-canada-developsonline-ebola-briefing-tool-train-health-workers
(Accessed on August 14, 2021).
Axon Park [Internet]. PPE training virtually [cited 2021
Aug 14].Available from: https://axonpark.com/ppevr-training.
Taylor J. Fifth generation distance education. Keynote
Address presented at the 20th ICDE World Conference,
Düsseldorf, Germany, April 2001. [Google Scholar]
Khan BH. Elearning framework dimensions and
subdimensions [cited 2021 Aug 14]. Available
from: http://asianvu.com/bookstoread/framework/
elearning_framework_flyer.pdf
Lipponen L, Lallimo J. From collaborative technology
to collaborative use of technology: designing learning
oriented infrastructures. Edu Med Int. 2004:41(2);111-
[Google Scholar]
Volungeviciene A, Tereseviciene M, Tait AW. Framework
of quality assurance of TEL integration into an
educational organization. Int Rev Res Open Distrib
Learning. 2014:15(6). [Google Scholar]
Alhamad AQ, Qawasmi KI, AlHamad AQ. Building an
ethical framework for e-learning management system
at a university level. J Eng Economic Dev. 2014:1(1)11.
[Google Scholar]
WHO [Internet]. WHE learning strategies [cited 2021
August 14]. Available from: https://www.who.int/
docs/default-source/documents/publications/whelearning-strategy.pdf
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Ruchika Kuba, Jyotsana Dikshit
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.