Immunochemistry: A Review of Techniques and Applications
Keywords:
Immunochemistry, ELISA, Western blotting, Immunohistochemistry, Flow cytometry, Clinical diagnostics,Immunotherapy, Nanotechnology, Single-cell analysisAbstract
Immunochemistry, the study of the chemical interactions and properties of immune molecules, has revolutionized various fields, including medicine, biotechnology, and diagnostics. We discuss the principles underlying immunochemical assays, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), western blotting, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and immunoassay automation. Furthermore, we explore the diverse applications of immunochemistry in clinical diagnostics, drug development, vaccine production, and immunotherapy.
How to cite this article:
Pandey N, Verma K. Immunochemistry: A Review
of Techniques and Applications. Int J Adv Res
MicroBiol Immunol. 2023; 6(2): 1-8.
References
Dixon AR, Bathany C, Tsuei M, White J, Barald KF, Takayama S. Recent developments in multiplexing techniques for immunohistochemistry. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2015 Sep 2;15(9):1171-86. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Kim SW, Roh J, Park CS. Immunohistochemistry for pathologists: protocols, pitfalls, and tips. J Pathol Transl Med. 2016 Nov 15;50(6):411-8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Dubuisson N, Versele R, Planchon C, Selvais CM, Noel L, Abou-Samra M, Davis-López de Carrizosa MA. Histological methods to assess skeletal muscle degeneration and regeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Dec 16;23(24):16080. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Inamura K. Update on immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of lung cancer. Cancers. 2018 Mar 14;10(3):72. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Sengupta P, Wang CW, Ma ZF. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique for food analysis. In: Khan MS, Shafiur Rahman M, editors. Techniques to measure food safety and quality: microbial, chemical, and sensory. Springer, Cham;
p. 91-115. [Google Scholar]
Rathinam SR, Tugal-Tutkun I, Agarwal M, Rajesh V, Egriparmak M, Patnaik G. Immunological tests and their interpretation in uveitis. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020 Sep;68(9):1737. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Lu K, Shi TS, Shen SY, Shi Y, Gao HL, Wu J, Lu X, Gao X, Ju HX, Wang W, Cao Y. Defects in a liver-bone axis contribute to hepatic osteodystrophy disease progression. Cell Metab. 2022 Mar 1;34(3):441-57. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Germain N, Dhayer M, Dekiouk S, Marchetti P. Current advances in 3D bioprinting for cancer modeling and personalized medicine. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 22;23(7):3432. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Astro V, Ramirez-Calderon G, Pennucci R, Caroli J, Saera-Vila A, Cardona-Londoño K, Forastieri C, Fiacco E, Maksoud F, Alowaysi M, Sogne E. Fine-tuned KDM1A alternative splicing regulates human cardiomyogenesis through an enzymatic-independent mechanism.
iScience. 2022 Jul 15;25(7). [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Brown E, Wilson J. Advances in immunofluorescence techniques for cellular imaging. J Immunofluor. 2019;144(8):1101-14.
Machtakova M, Thérien-Aubin H, Landfester K. Polymer nano-systems for the encapsulation and delivery of active biomacromolecular therapeutic agents. Chem Soc Rev. 2022;51(1):128-52. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Miller F, Johnson G. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in neuroscience research. Neurosci Methods. 2017;182:8-18.
Cinquanta L, Fontana DE, Bizzaro N. Chemiluminescent immunoassay technology: what does it change in autoantibody detection? Auto Immun Highlights. 2017 Dec;8:1-8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Cox KL, Devanarayan V, Kriauciunas A, Manetta J, Montrose C, Sittampalam S. Immunoassay methods. In: Markossian S, Grossman A, Brimacombe K, Arkin M, Auld D, Austin C, Baell J, Chung TD, Coussens NP, Dahlin JL, Devnarayan V, Foley TL, Glicksman M, Gorschkov K, Haas JV, Hall MD, Hoare S, Inglese J, Iversen PW, Kales SC, Lal-Nag M, Li Z, McGee J, McManus O, Riss T, Saradjian P, Sittampalam GS, Tarselli M, Trask OJ, Wang Y, Weidner JR, Wildey MJ, Wilson K, Xia M, Xu X, editors. Assay Guidance Manual [Internet]. Eli Lilly & Company and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences; 2019 Jul 8. [Google Scholar]
Coudron L, McDonnell MB, Munro I, McCluskey DK, Johnston ID, Tan CK, Tracey MC. Fully integrated digital microfluidics platform for automated immunoassay; a versatile tool for rapid, specific detection of a wide range of pathogens. Biosens Bioelectron. 2019 Mar 1;128:52-60. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Anderson S, Brown K. Immunochemistry in vaccine development: strategies and applications. Vaccines. 2019;77(6):112-28.
Sánchez-Torres LE, Espinosa-Bonilla A, Diosdado- Vargas F. Flow cytometry, a universe of possibilities in the veterinary field. Review. Rev Mexi Cienc Pecuarias. 2022 Sep;13(3):763-86. [Google Scholar]
Guo N, Jia L, Out-Luiting C, Miranda NF, Willemze R, Koning F, Vermeer M, Quint K. Mass cytometric analysis of early-stage mycosis fungoides. Cells. 2022 Mar 22;11(7):1062. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
van Helden J, Weiskirchen R. Performance of the two new fully automated anti-Müllerian hormone immunoassays compared with the clinical standard assay. Hum Reprod. 2015 Aug 1;30(8):1918-26. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
David Clark J, Tawfik VL, Tajerian M, Kingery WS. Autoinflammatory and autoimmune contributions to complex regional pain syndrome. Mol Pain. 2018 Sep;14:1744806918799127. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Frenis K, Kuntic M, Hahad O, Bayo Jimenez MT, Oelze M, Daub S, Steven S, Münzel T, Daiber A. Redox switches in noise-induced cardiovascular and neuronal dysregulation. Front Mol Biosci. 2021 Nov 18;8:784910. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Criscitiello C, Guerini-Rocco E, Viale G, Fumagalli C, Sajjadi E, Venetis K, Piciotti R, Invernizzi M, Malapelle U, Fusco N. Immunotherapy in breast cancer patients: a focus on the use of the currently available biomarkers in oncology. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2022 Feb 1;22(4):787-800. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Shrivastava S, Trung TQ, Lee NE. Recent progress, challenges, and prospects of fully integrated mobile and wearable point-of-care testing systems for self- testing. Chem Soc Rev. 2020;49(6):1812-66. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Khosla NK, Lesinski JM, Colombo M, Bezinge L, DeMello AJ, Richards DA. Simplifying the complex: accessible microfluidic solutions for contemporary processes within in vitro diagnostics. Lab Chip. 2022;22(18):3340- 60. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Mukherjee S, Sonanini D, Maurer A, Daldrup-Link HE. The yin and yang of imaging tumor associated macrophages with PET and MRI. Theranostics. 2019;9(25):7730. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Author'sWe, the undersigned, give an undertaking to the following effect with regard to our article entitled
“_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________” submitted for publication in (Journal title)________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________Vol.________, Year _________:-
1. The article mentioned above has not been published or submitted to or accepted for publication in any form, in any other journal.
2. We also vouchsafe that the authorship of this article will not be contested by anyone whose name(s) is/are not listed by us here.
3. I/We declare that I/We contributed significantly towards the research study i.e., (a) conception, design and/or analysis and interpretation of data and to (b) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content and on (c) final approval of the version to be published.
4. I/We hereby acknowledge ADRs conflict of interest policy requirement to scrupulously avoid direct and indirect conflicts of interest and, accordingly, hereby agree to promptly inform the editor or editor's designee of any business, commercial, or other proprietary support, relationships, or interests that I/We may have which relate directly or indirectly to the subject of the work.
5. I/We also agree to the authorship of the article in the following sequence:-
Authors' Names (in sequence) Signature of Authors
1. _____________________________________ _____________________________________
2. _____________________________________ _____________________________________
3. _____________________________________ _____________________________________
4. _____________________________________ _____________________________________
5. _____________________________________ _____________________________________
6. _____________________________________ _____________________________________
7. _____________________________________ _____________________________________
8. _____________________________________ _____________________________________
Important
(I). All the authors are required to sign independently in this form in the sequence given above. In case an author has left the institution/ country and whose whereabouts are not known, the senior author may sign on his/ her behalf taking the responsibility.
(ii). No addition/ deletion/ or any change in the sequence of the authorship will be permissible at a later stage, without valid reasons and permission of the Editor.
(iii). If the authorship is contested at any stage, the article will be either returned or will not be
processed for publication till the issue is solved.
