International Journal of Advanced Research in Pharmacy and Education

Polypharmacology Strategies in Breast Cancer Treatment

Devansh Chakraborty — 2024-11-19

Breast cancer is characterized by diverse molecular subtypes and intricate mechanisms of resistance, which pose formidable challenges to conventional single-target therapies. Polypharmacology represents a promising paradigm shift by simultaneously targeting multiple pathways and molecular targets implicated in tumor growth, metastasis, and treatment resistance. This multifaceted strategy not only enhances therapeutic efficacy but also addresses the dynamic interplay between cancer cells and their microenvironment. By integrating combinations of targeted therapies, immunomodulators, epigenetic modulators, and other agents, polypharmacology seeks to optimize treatment outcomes while mitigating the emergence of drug resistance—a pivotal obstacle in the long-term management of breast cancer.

How to cite this article:
Chakraborty D. Polypharmacology Strategies in
Breast Cancer Treatment. Int J Adv Res Pharm
Edu 2024; 6(1): 19-25.

Osilodrostat: Novel Therapy for Cushing Syndrome Management

Kushal Thakur — 2024-11-19

Osilodrostat represents a promising advancement in the treatment landscape for Cushing syndrome, a rare disorder characterized by excessive cortisol production. Approved by regulatory authorities in recent years, Osilodrostat offers a targeted approach to managing this challenging condition, providing new hope for patients who have limited treatment options. The drug’s mechanism of action distinguishes it from traditional therapies, potentially offering new hope for patients with difficult-to-treat forms of Cushing syndrome. Ongoing research aims to further explore its long-term safety profile and its role in combination therapies, highlighting Osilodrostat as a promising advancement in the
management of this challenging endocrine condition.

How to cite this article:
Thakur K, Shah P. Osilodrostat: Novel Therapy
for Cushing Syndrome Management. Int J Adv
Res Pharm Edu 2024; 6(1): 26-28.

Empathy Enhancement in Pharmacy Students: Impact of a Behavior Change Assessment

Shahid Hammrah — 2024-11-19

Background: Empathy is recognized as a crucial attribute for healthcare
professionals, influencing patient satisfaction, adherence to treatment,
and overall health outcomes.
Aims: This research aimed to determine if a behavior change could
increase empathy in pharmacy students, as measured by a validated
empathy scoring system.
Methods: Pharmacy students completed a pre-assessment using the
Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale. They then undertook a behavior change
assignment, selecting a personal behavior to change for ten days,
followed by a post-assessment using the same tool.
Results: The study found a statistically significant increase in empathy
scores among pharmacy students after completing the behavior change
assignment (p<0.01), with an 81.3% response rate. Factors such as
age, gender, campus location, or the type of behavior change did not
influence the results.
Conclusions: The behavior change assignment, which required minimal
classroom time and resources and was not linked to a specific disease
state, effectively increased empathy in pharmacy students.

How to cite this article:
Hammrah S. Empathy Enhancement in Pharmacy
Students: Impact of a Behavior Change
Assessment. Int J Adv Res Pharm Edu 2024;
6(1): 1-5.

Comprehensive Review of Simulation-Based Assessment in Pharmacist Competence: A Detailed Analysis

Pratham Singh — 2024-11-19

Simulation-based assessment (SBA) has emerged as a pivotal tool in evaluating pharmacist competence, offering a dynamic and controlled environment to measure clinical skills, decision-making abilities, and communication proficiency. Key modalities such as manikin-based simulations, standardized patients, virtual simulations, and hybrid approaches are examined, highlighting their respective contributions to skill development and assessment. The review underscores SBA’s role in bridging the gap between didactic learning and clinical application, enhancing learning outcomes, and preparing pharmacists for diverse healthcare scenarios. Furthermore, it discusses considerations for integrating SBA into curricula, including standardization, fidelity, and faculty training. By critically evaluating the evidence and methodologies
of SBA.

How to cite this article:
Das S, Singh R, Singh P. Comprehensive Review
of Simulation-Based Assessment in Pharmacist
Competence: A Detailed Analysis. Int J Adv Res
Pharm Edu 2024; 6(1): 6-12.

Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity and Its Impact on Neurodegenerative Diseases

A. Rasiah — 2024-11-19

Glutamate, the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, is crucial for normal brain function, including synaptic transmission, plasticity, learning, and memory. However, excessive activation of glutamate receptors can lead to excitotoxicity, a pathological process resulting in neuronal injury and death. Excitotoxicity is implicated in the pathogenesis of several major neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s disease (HD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). In AD, amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles disrupt glutamate homeostasis, leading to NMDA receptor overactivation and subsequent calcium overload. In PD, dopaminergic neuron degeneration enhances NMDA receptor sensitivity, exacerbating excitotoxic damage. ALS is characterized by impaired glutamate uptake due to EAAT2 dysfunction, leading to motor neuron death through NMDA and AMPA receptor overactivation. In HD, mutant huntingtin protein disrupts glutamate transporters and increases NMDA receptor activity, resulting in striatal neuronal loss.

How to cite this article:

Fernandes A, Rasiah A. Glutamate-
Induced Excitotoxicity and Its Impact on

Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Adv Res Pharm
Edu 2024; 6(1): 13-18.