In vitro Cytotoxic Evaluation of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Physalis angulata Linn on Some Human Carcinoma Cell Lines
Keywords:
Cytotoxicity, Human Carcinoma Cell Lines, In vitro, Physalis angulata LinnAbstract
The search for the use of herbal remedies as an alternative medicine for the treatment and management of cancer is on-going. This study evaluates the in vitro cytotoxic potential of ethanol leaf extract of P. angulata L. on some human carcinoma cell lines. Four different human cell lines: MCF 7 (human breast), C4-2WT (prostate), HT 29 and HCT 116 (colorectal) were used for this study while cytotoxicity screening methods used are - MTT (3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), Methylene blue proliferation and Trypan Blue exclusion assays. The extract significantly (p<0.05) induced cytotoxicity at 50% inhibition (GI50) as follows: MCF-7 = 3.86 ?g/ml, HT 29 = 14.99 ?g/ml, HCT 116 = 15.71 ?g/ml and C4-2WT = 20.16 ?g/ml. Methylene Blue proliferation assay response of the carcinoma cell lines to ethanol leaf extract of P. angulata L. indicated a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the total number of proliferating cells in the different concentrations of the extract used when compared to the optical densities of the controls at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. Similarly, results for Trypan Blue exclusion assay showed there was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the total number of viable cells (VC) and a significant increase (p<0.05) in the total number of non-viable cells (NVC) over a period of 72 hours. There is a correlation between the results of the cytotoxic assays which indicated that the extract induced cytotoxicity on the human carcinoma cell lines in a time and concentration-dependent manner.
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