A Descriptive Review on Traditional Herbal Drug-Terminalia Chebula

Authors

  • Hilal Akhtar Department of Amraz-E-Jild Wa Tazeeniyaat (Unani Medicine), Allama Iqbal Unani Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarnagar, UP, India.
  • Syed Zeba Husain Private Unani Practitioner, Aligarh, U.P, India.

Keywords:

Anti-bacterial, Halaila, Medicinal Application, Phytoconstituents, Terminalia Chebula

Abstract

Terminalia chebula is an important medicinal plant in pharmaceutics and used in Unani System of Medicine (USM) from ancient time to combat various diseases and infections due to its potential medicinal use. This herb has been considered the valuable and cheap source of unique phyto-constituents (tannins, alkaloids, phytochemicals) which are used widely in the development of drugs with higher safety margins and lesser side effects against different types of diseases. It is commonly called Haritaki and belongs to the family Combretaceae. It is known as black myroban, Harad and Halaila in English, Hindi and Persian respectively. In Tibet, it is known as “king of the medicines”. This herb has a unique mention in various traditional medicine systems due to its amazing power of healing. Unani physicians have been using this drug as a brain tonic, eye tonic, cardiotonic, stomach tonic, kidney tonic, blood purifier, astringent, purgative (bile), cholagogue, melanogogue, carminative, digestive anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory and antidysenteric agent. Hence this drug having a momentous position in Unani system of medicine and text.

The previous pharmacological studies showed that T. chebula possesses antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antidiabetic, antimutagenic, antioxidant, antiulcer and wound healing properties. It also prevents cardiac damage and is used for the treatment of kidney disease. T. chebula and its phytoconstituents have a therapeutic effect with no toxicity. This review was designed to lime light the T. chebula by describing its traditional, therapeutic and others uses.

References

1. Singh P, Malhotra H. Terminalia Chebula-A review pharmacognistic and phytochemical studies. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research 2017; 8(11): 21496-21507.
2. Dinesh MD, soorya TM, Vismaya MR et al. Terminalia chebula A Traditional Herbal Drug-A Short Review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention 2017; 6(2): 39-40.
3. Sharma PC, Velnu MB, Dennis TJ. Database on Medicinal Plants used in Ayurvedic- 7-Volume Set. CCRAS 2002; 1,3,5: 225-243.
4. Najmul GH. Advia K. Part I-IV. New Delhi: Idara Kitab us shifa Daryaganj, YNM: 308-312, 861-862,1352-1354.
5. Hakeem K, Mufradat M. Delhi: Ejaz Publishing House Daryaganj, YNM: 102-103, 363-364, 590-591.
6. Qasmi IA. Mufridat KU. Ist ed. Aligarh: International Printing Press 2001; 129-130, 154-155, 236-238.
7. Nadkarni AK. Indian Materia Medica. Bombay: Popular Prakashan 1982; 1: 278-279.
8. Gupta PC et al. Biological and Pharmacological Properties of Terminalia Chebula Retz. (Haritaki)-An Overview. Int J Pharm Sci 2012; 4 (3): 62-68.
9. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal plants. Periodical Expert Book Agency 1984; 2: 1429-1431.
10. Sharma PC, Velnu MB, Dennis TJ. Database on Medicinal Plants used in Ayurvedic. CCRAS 2002; 1,3,5: 225-243. 11. Standardisation of Single Drugs of Unani Medicine. Part I, IV. CCRUM Dept. of Ayush 2006: 86-90, 202-206.
12. Ahmed ZAB. Mufradat AJU, Aghzia AAW. Urdu translation by CCRUM, New Delhi; 2,3,5: 51-53, 96- 98, 170-175, 349-352.
13. kabeeruddin, Akseer HMA. Part II Gulberg: Al-Shifa: 1448-1450.
14. Chopra RN et al. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. 1st ed. 4th Reprint. New Delhi: National Institute of Science and Communication 1996: 67, 73, 75, 242.
15. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. Indian Medicinal Plants. 2nd ed. Dehradun: International Book Distributor, 1981; 2: 1020-1023.
16. Chatterjee A, Prakashi SC. The Treatise of Indian Medicinal Plants. New Delhi: National Institute of Science Communication CSIR 1997; 3: 69-71,203-204.
17. Rastogi RP, Mehrotra BN. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants. New Delhi: National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, Reprint 2004; 1: 119,105,407,653-654.
18. Hussain AHM, Mufradat K. 3rd ed. Lahore: Sheikh Ghulam Ali and Sons, Kashmeeri Bazaar 1960: 433, 304-305,503-504,526-527.
19. Ahmad TN. Advia KU. New Delhi: Idara Kitab-us-Shifa Kocha Chelan Daryaganj, YNM: 105-107,460,759-761.
20. Najmul GH, Advia K. Part I-IV. New Delhi: Idara Kitab us shifa Daryaganj, YNM: 308-312, 861-862,1352-1354.
21. Abdullah Ibn BZ. Aljamiul Mufradat Al Advia Wa Al Aghzia (Urdu Translation). New Delhi: CCRUM Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2003; 4: 354,-356, 436- 439.
22. AK Nadkarni. Indian Materia Medica. Bombay: Popular Prakashan 1982; 1: 278-279.
23. Harichand MH. Taj-ul-Aqaqueer-Hindustan ki Jadi Butiyan. Nirala Jogi Publications, YNM; 1: 378-383,528- 532,814-816.
24. Hubal Ibn B. Kitab Al Mukhtarat Fit Tib (Urdu Translation by CCRUM). New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 2007; 2: 118,209,239-240.
25. Panunto W, Jaijoy K, Lerdvuthisopon N et al. Acute and chronic toxicity studies of water extract from dried fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. In rats. Int J Applied Research in Natural Products 2011; 3(4): 36-43.
26. Mohd A, Khan U, Iqbal A et al. Comprehensive review on therapeutic strategies of gouty arthritis. Pak J Pharm Sci 2014; 27(5): 1575-1582.
27. Marc HC, Alan SJ, Josef SS et al. Rheumatology 3rd ed. Spain Mosby: An imprint of Elsevier Ltd 2003; 2: 1893-1936.
28. Kumar KJ. Effect of geographical variation on contents of tannic acid, gallic acid, chebulinic acid and ethyl gallate in Terminalia chebula. Natural Products 2006; 2(3-4): 170-75.
29. Juang LJ, Sheu SJ, Lin TC. Determination of hydrolysable tannins in the fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. by high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2004; 27(9): 718-24.
30. Rastogi RP, Mehrotra BN. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants. New Delhi: National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, Reprint 2004; 27(9): 718-724.
31. Rastogi RP, Mehrotra BN. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants. New Delhi: National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, Reprint 2008; 4: 215-719.
32. Ahmad I, Mehmood Z, Mohammad F. Screening of some Indian medicinal plants for their antimicrobial properties. J Ethnopharmacol 1998; 62: 183-93.
33. Kannan P, Ramadevi SR, Hopper W. Antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebulafruit extract. African Journal of Microbiol Res 2009; 3(4): 180-84.
34. Malekzadeh F, Ehsanifar H, Shahamat M et al. Antibacterial activity of black myrobalan (Terminalia chebula Retz) against Helicobacter pylori. J Antimicrobial Agents 2001; 18: 85-88.
35. Kim HG, Cho JH, Jeong EY et al. Growth-inhibiting activity of active component isolated from Terminalia chebula fruits against intestinal bacteria. J Food Prot 2006; 69(9): 2205-2209.
36. Dutta BK, Rahman I, Das TK. Antifungal activity of Indian plant extracts. Mycoses 1998; 41(11-12): 535-36.
37. Mehmood Z, Ahmad I, Mohammad F et al. Indian medicinal plants: A potential source for anticandidal drugs. Pharmaceutical Biology 1999; 37(3): 237-42.
38. Shinde SL, More SM, Junne SB et al. The antifungal activity of five Terminalia species checked by paper disk method. Int J Pharma Res and Develope 2011; 3(2).
39. Sohni YR, Bhatt RM. Activity of a crude extract formulation in experimental hepatic amoebiasis and in immunomodulation studies. J Ethnopharmacol 1996; 54(2-3): 119-24.
40. Pinmai K, Hiriote W, Soonthornchareonnon N et al. In vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of water extracts of Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia bellerica. J Med Assoc Thai 2010; 93(7): 120-26.
41. Upadhyay A, Singh DK. Molluscicidal activity of Sapindus mukorossi and Terminalia chebula against the freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminate. Chemosphere 2011; 83(4): 468-74.
42. Kamaraj C, Rahuman AA. Efficacy of anthelmintic properties of medicinal plant extracts against Haemonchus contortus. Res Vet Sci 2011; 91(3): 400- 404.
43. Mekkawy SE, Meselhy MR, Kusumoto IT et al. Inhibitory Effects of Egyptian Folk Medicines oh Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Reverse Transcriptase. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1995; 43(4): 641- 648. 44. Yukawa TA, Kurokawa M, Sato H et al. Prophylactic treatment of cytomegalovirus infection with traditional herbs. Antiviral Res 1996; 32(2): 63-70.
45. Ahn MJ, Kim CY, Lee JS et al. Inhibition of HIV-1 integrase by galloyl glucoses from Terminalia chebula and flavonol glycoside gallates from Euphorbia pekinensis. Planta Med 2002; 68(5): 457-59.
46. Vermani K, Garg S. Herbal medicines for sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 80(1): 49-66.
47. Ma H, Diao Y, Zhao D et al. A new alternative to treat swine influenza A virus infection: extracts from Terminalia chebula Retz. African J Microbiol 2010; 4(6): 497-99.
48. Ponnusankar S, Pandit S, Babu R et al. Cytochrome P450 inhibitory potential of Triphala-A Rasayana from Ayurveda. Journal of Ethnopharmacol 2011; 133(1): 5.
49. Chen X, Sun F, Ma L et al. In vitro evaluation on the antioxidant capacity of tri-ethylchebulate, an aglycone from Terminalia chebula Retz fruit. Indian Journal of Pharmacol 2011; 43(3): 6.
50. Sabu MC, Kuttan R. Anti-diabetic activity of medicinal plants and its relationship with their antioxidant property. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 81: 155-60.
51. Rao NK, Nammi S. Antidiabetic and renoprotective effects of the chloroform extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. Seeds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2006; 6: 17. 52. Shin TY, Jeong HJ, Kim DK et al. Inhibitory action of water soluble fraction of Terminalia chebulaon systemic and local anaphylaxis. Journal of Ethnopharmacol 2001; 74: 6.
53. Kaur S, Jaggi RK. Antinociceptive activity of chronic administration of different extracts of Terminalia bellerica Roxb and Terminalia chebula Retz Fruits. Indian J Exp Biol. 2010; 48(9): 925-30.
54. Sharma P, Prakash T, Kotresha D et al. Anti-ulcerogenic activity of Terminalia chebula fruit in experimentally induced ulcer in rats. Pharm Biol 2011; 49(3): 7.
55. Nair V, Singh S, Gupta YK. Anti-arthritic and disease modifying activity of Terminalia chebula Retz. in experimental models. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62(12): 1801-1806.
56. Choudhary GP. Wound healing activity of ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula Retz. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sci 2011; 2(1): 7.
57. Manosroi A, Jantrawut P, Akihisa T et al. In vitro antiaging activities of Terminalia chebula gall extract. Pharm Biol 2010; 48(4): 469-481.
58. Gandhi NM, Nair CKK. Radiation protection by Terminalia chebula: Some mechanistic aspects. Mol Cell Biochem 2005; 277(2): 43-48.
59. Suchalatha S, Shyamala Devi CS. Protective effect of Terminalia chebula against experimental myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol. Indian J Exp Biol 2004; 42(2): 174-78.
60. Tasduq SA, Singh K, Satti NK et al. Terminalia chebula (fruit) prevents liver toxicity caused by sub-chronic administration of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide in combination. Hum Exp Toxicol 2006; 25(3): 111-118. 61. Gupta PC, Singh SK. Effect of different extracts of bark of Terminalia chebula on reproductive organs in male mice. ICRH & 20th Annual Meeting of the Indian Society for the Study of Reproduction & Fertility 2010: 8.
62. Prasad L, Khan TH, Jahangir T et al. Chemomodulatory effects of Terminalia chebula against nickel chloride induced oxidative stress and tumor promotion response in male Wistar rats. J Trace Elements in Med and Biol 2006; 20(4): 233-239.
63. Shaila HP, Udupa SL, Udupa AL. Hypolipidemic activity of three indigenous drugs in experimentally induced atherosclerosis. Int J Cardiol 1998; 67(2): 119-124.
64. Saravanan S, Shrikumar R, Manikandan S et al. Hypolipidemic effect of Triphala in experimentally induced hypercholesterolemic rats. Yakugaku Zasshi 2007; 127(2): 385-388.

Downloads

Published

2019-07-01