International Journal of Advanced Research in Medicinal Chemistry

Cholinergic Drugs: Risks, Symptoms, and Management Strategies

Prahlad Kumar — 2024-11-07

Cholinergic medications primarily affect the main neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), acetylcholine. They are categorized into two main types: direct-acting and indirect-acting drugs. Direct-acting cholinergic agonists bind directly to muscarinic receptors, exemplified by choline esters (such as acetylcholine, methacholine,
carbachol, bethanechol, tacrine) and alkaloids (including muscarine, pilocarpine, and cevimeline). Indirect-acting cholinergic agents increase acetylcholine availability at cholinergic receptors. Reversible agents (such as physostigmine, neostigmine, pyridostigmine, edrophonium, rivastigmine, donepezil, and galantamine) and irreversible agents (like
echothiophate, parathion, Malathion, diazinon, tabun, sarin, soman, carbaryl, and propoxur) are included in this category. Their use can lead to adverse effects across organs controlled by the parasympathetic
nervous system, highlighting the limitations of cholinergic agonists despite their therapeutic benefits.

How to cite this article:
Kumar P, Srivastava K. Cholinergic Drugs: Risks,
Symptoms, and Management Strategies. J Adv
Res in medc che 2024; 6(1): 21-25.

Antimicrobial Therapy: Current Trends, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Praveen kumar — 2024-11-07

Antimicrobial therapy stands as a cornerstone of modern medicine, playing a pivotal role in the treatment and management of infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Since Alexander Fleming’s discovery of penicillin in 1928, antimicrobial agents have revolutionized medical practices, saving countless lives and significantly reducing morbidity associated with infectious illnesses. This transformative impact expanded beyond antibiotics to include antiviral, antifungal, and antiparasitic therapies, tailored to combat specific pathogens and support medical advancements such as surgical procedures, cancer chemotherapy, and organ transplants. Antimicrobial agents target pathogens through mechanisms like inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, viral replication, fungal cell membranes, or parasitic metabolic pathways. Beyond symptom alleviation and infection resolution, effective antimicrobial therapy plays a crucial role in preventing disease transmission, reducing complications, and supporting public health strategies to control outbreaks and epidemics.

How to cite this article:
Kumar P, Khatri S, Priya V. Antimicrobial
Therapy: Current Trends, Challenges, and Future
Perspectives. JAdv Res in medc che 2024; 6(1):
8-15.

Bioactive Compounds and Health Benefits of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Linn.: A Study on Seed And Callus

Grace Nantume — 2024-11-07

An effective method was developed to induce callus formation using various fenugreek explants. The study compared the phenolic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of seeds and calli from different fenugreek explants. Fenugreek, renowned for its medicinal properties in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, was evaluated. Three explants— hypocotyl, root, and cotyledons—were used for callus induction. These explants were cultured on MS medium supplemented with varying concentrations (0.5-6 mg/L) of 2, 4-D, NAA, and TDZ. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and Folin-ciocalteu assays, while antimicrobial activity of calli and seed extracts was also evaluated. Friable callus was successfully induced from all explants using all plant growth regulators (PGRs) except for 2, 4-D, which failed to stimulate callus formation in root explants. Among the explants, root segments showed superior callus induction, achieving a maximum fresh weight of 5.29 g with TDZ at 2 mg/L, and the highest callus index of 4.3 with TDZ at 0.5 mg/L. Hypocotyl-derived callus exhibited the highest phenolic content (246.9 mg GAE/g DW), followed by root callus (243.5 mg GAE/g DW), seed (176.2 mg GAE/g DW), and cotyledon callus (64.9 mg GAE/g DW). Seed extracts demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity at 44.3%, compared to 34.7%, 24.3%, and 16.7% recorded for cotyledon, hypocotyl, and root calli, respectively. In terms of antimicrobial activity, hypocotyl-derived callus exhibited the largest zone of inhibition (19mm) against E. coli. Overall, fenugreek calli demonstrated promising biological activities compared to seed extracts.

How to cite this article:
Nalubega A , Ssempala E. Bioactive Compounds
And Health Benefits of Trigonella Foenum
Graecum Linn.: A Study on Seed And Callus. J
Adv Res in medc che 2024; 6(1): 1-7.

Anti-Ulcer Activity of Methanolic Extract of Lagenaria Siceraria: A Review

Swasti pikhwal — 2024-11-07

Lagenaria siceraria, commonly known as bottle gourd, has been traditionally used in various cultures for its medicinal properties. One of its notable therapeutic potentials is its anti-ulcer activity, which has gained attention in recent research. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the scientific literature on the anti-ulcer properties of methanolic extracts derived from L. siceraria. It discusses the phytochemical composition, mechanisms of action, experimental models used for evaluation, and the overall therapeutic potential of L. siceraria in ulcer management.

How to cite this article:
Pikhwal S , Tyagi G. Anti-Ulcer Activity of
Methanolic Extract of Lagenaria Siceraria: A
Review. JAdv Res in medc che 2024; 6(1): 16-20.

Flaxseeds and their Role in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Treatment

C Jyothika — 2024-11-07